Automatic Braking System

An automatic Braking system is an intelligent mechatronic system includes an

Ultrasonic wave emitter provided on the front portion of a car producing and
emitting Ultrasonic waves. An Ultrasonic receiver is also placed on the front
portion of the car operatively receiving a reflective Ultrasonic wave signal.
The reflected wave (detected pulse) gives the distance between the obstacle
and the vehicle. Then a microcontroller is used to control the speed of the
vehicle based on the detection pulse information to push the brake pedal and
apply brake to the car stupendously for safety purpose.
 Objectives
The main objectives of this project are:
I.To develop an Intelligent Braking System for
Automobiles
II.To find the braking distance at various
vehicle speeds as well as minimum distance
before collision
Components
Followings are the components in this intelligent
braking system
 
I. Ultrasonic Sensor
II. Arduino UNO
III. Wheels
IV. Rechargeable Battery
V. Gear Motor
VI. Resistor
VII. Transistor
VIII. Jumper Wire
IX. Base
 Working Function

Figure 2 Flow Diagram of Automatic Braking System

 Methodology
i. Take a plywood as a frame. Cut it along as calculated. Take measurement by
calculations according to the wheels. Just keep front wheel space more as we
will design steering so calculate by moving wheels.
ii. Fix the wheel and Rubber stoppers to the chassis. Fix the motor with gear
hub. Fix the holes with screw.
iii. Attach two gear motors at the backside of the plywood.
iv. Place two wheels at the rear of the vehicle. Two Smart Robot Car Tyres
Wheels For Arduino TT Gear Motor Chassis has used here. One non-tire
wheel attach at the front side of the car.
v. Now Arduino UNO has mounted at the middle of the base and screw has been
used to tighten them up. Wires has connected with the Arduino.
 Methodology
vi. Sensor holder placed at the top front side of the vehicle and Ultrasonic sensor
device is placed upon this. Sensor wire is connected with microcontroller.
vii. Wire ends are connected with Arduino in the following manner:
Positive to +5v
GND to GND
Trig to A0
Echo to A1.
viii.Two 9v rechargeable battery mounted at the backside of the car and the wire
that are attached with the battery are made connection with microcontroller. 
ix. Program code to run the car inputted in the micro controller device and now
the car can run through with or without help of the auxiliary device and work
as a plug and play device.
Applications
⮚ Controlling Automobiles
⮚ Automated Guided Vehicles in Industries
⮚ Production Line
⮚ Military Spy Service
Limitations

⮚Obstacle and vehicles

braking distance is too small.
⮚Initial High Cost
Future Scopes

❑Obstacle detection while turning

❑Capable of driving at all
environmental conditions
❑Minimized backward collisions.
Thank
You