[Spatio-temporal analysis of

Leisure, Recreation & Tourism

attractions: physical & man-made]

Gunn 1988, Leiper 1990, Urry 1990 &

MacCannell 1990

Dr. Abednego Aryee

aaryee@ryerson.ca
Department of Geography
Ryerson University
 NATURAL ATTRACTIONS
Attractions can be classified using
different criteria

Natural attractions include biophysical

characteristics of an area.

- Investment and operating costs

are high

- There is finite amount of natural

resources for leisure

- “Market failure”
- “Merit good”
- “public good” or “collective good”
Niagara Fall
Niagara Fall
The Tianmen’s Mountain and Heaven’s Gate in China
Tianmen’s
Mountain
Tourist
Attraction
in China
Glass Bottom Walkway in the Tianmen’s Mountain in China
Kenya Masai Mara
Zebra Crossing
 ARTIFICIAL ATTRACTIONS

Man-made attractions are legacy of

history and culture.

Some of them are user oriented

Captive animals in zoos are not too

attractive
MEDIEVAL TOWN OF CARCASONNE
(FRANCE)
Maha Kumbh Mela in Allahabad in India
The Hajj Pilgrimage
Route
Mecca and Medina for Hajj
Mecca and Medina for Hajj
Vatican City
Mass Ceremony
Christiansburg Castle In Ghana
Planning and Development of Attractions

Sense of place
Product-market-match
Activity clustering
Development of partnerships
Transportation development
Environmental protection
ATTRACTION DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
THE MARKET IMAGESCAPE MIX

Footloose attractions

‘Me too’ attractions

‘Grand inspiration’ attractions

‘New version’ attractions

‘Wonder’ attractions
RICHARD BRANSON
London Millennium Dome
The London Eye
ATTRACTION MANAGEMENT

Types of ownership
- Public
- Voluntary
- Private
Cost of operation

Pricing policy

Variation in seasons

Limiting visitor numbers