Tourism - activities of persons traveling to
and staying in places outside their usual
environment for not more than one
consecutive year.
Excursionist - person who spends less than
twenty-four hours at a destination.
Tourist- seeks various psychic and physical
experiences and satisfactions.
Business people - see tourism as an
opportunity to make a profit.
Politicians - view tourism as a wealth factor
in the economy of their jurisdictions.
Local people - see tourism as a cultural and
employment factor.
♡Tourists - very heart of the tourism
phenomenon model and the travel
experiences that he/she seeks when visiting a
tourism destination.
♡Natural Resources and Environment -
fundamental dimension of the model, the very
basis of much tourism.
♡ Operating Sectors of Tourism Industry
Component of Natural Resources and
Environment:
● Physiography - nature and appearance
of its landscape.
● Climate - kind of weather it has over a
period of years.
● People
Two very important categories of individuals:
✧Residents - who belong to the destination
✧The Tourism Market - who are current or
potential visitors to the destinations
♡ Built Environment - another dimension of
tourism phenomenon that has been created
by man.
● Culture - relatively a very permanent
characteristic of a destination, and one
that cannot and should not be changed
simply to enhance tourism development.
● Infrastructure - roads, sewage
systems, communication networks, and
many commercial facilities.
● Tourism Superstructure- facilities that
have been developed specially to
respond to the demands of visitors.
● Technology -one of the most recent,
and still increasingly influential,
dimensions of the built environment that
is shaping the nature of both tourism
products/services and travel
experiences. Considered as one of the
most distinctive and most powerful
characteristics of the built environment.
● Information - recent addition to the built
environment. The success of a
destination is determined by its ability to
assemble.
● Governance - dimension of tourism that
often receives inadequate attention.
● Transportation Sector - comprising of
airlines, bus companies, and so on,
tends to typify the movement of people
and travel.
● Accommodation Sector - Hilton,
Marriott, Howard Johnson, Best Western
and so on.
● Food Services Sector - broad
spectrum of brands and logos that have
become part of everyday life in many
communities.Ex. McDonalds, Pizza
● Attractions Sector - well-known icons
in the tourism industry. Ex.
Disneyland/Walt Disney World. Louvre
● Events Sector - Oktoberfest in Munich,
Germany; Calgary Stampede in
 Canada; the Mardi Gras of New Orleans
and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
● Adventure and outdoor recreation
Sector - golfing, skiing, snowboarding,
white water rafting, parasailing, hang
gliding, mountain biking, and
mountaineering.
● Entertainment Sector - world famous
entertainers most notably Las Vegas,
Nashville, and Branson, Missouri.
● Trade sector and tourism services -
less glamorous but still essential to the
success and well-being of the tourism
industry.
● Spirit of Hospitality - challenge facing
destinations is to deliver their
experiences in a way that enables the
visitors to believe they are welcome, that
they truly are guests.
♡ Planning, Development, Promotion,
and Catalyst Organizations (PDPCO) -
visionaries, policy makers, strategic
planners, and individuals and groups who
"make the right things happen" that are
increasingly a determinant of successful
tourism.
♡ The Importance of
Integrated/Collaborative Planning and
Development - intended to convey the
importance of integrated or collaborative
planning and development efforts.
♡ The Processes, Activities, and
Outcomes of Tourism - Destination
Management Organization (DMO) in
collaboration with all stakeholders must
define the tourism philosophy of the
destination and formulate a supportive
policy, vision, and strategy.
The success of marketing efforts requires
two subsequent activities.
1. Systematic Monitoring - of the levels
and quality of visitation as well as visitor
satisfaction regarding experiences and the
destination.
2. Comprehensive Program of
Stewardship - to ensure that the success of
tourism does not destroy the natural
resources on which tourism depends so
heavily.
The final activity that is essential to
long-term success of tourism is an ongoing
process of evaluation.
Careers in Tourism - functions range from
relatively simple jobs to highly sophisticated
and demanding tasks. Ex. Airlines, Bus
Companies, Cruise Companies, Railroads
Code of Ethics for Tourist
✧ Multiplier Effect - more tourist dollars
entering a local economy, the greater the
economic benefit.
✧ Employment Opportunities - tourism is
a labor-intensive industry and creates many
job opportunities.
✧ Opportunities for Business -tourism
creates opportunities for the establishment
of new products, facilities
✧ Improved Transport Services - tourism
can stimulate the establishment of new and
improved transport services to and within a
regional area.
The Seven Wonders of the World -
impressive monuments regarded with awe
and wonder.
2007 - final list of the seven modern
wonders were announced in Lisbon,
Portugal.
✿Taj Mahal
 - white marble mausoleum located in
Agra, India
- built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan
in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz
Mahal
- one of the most beautiful buildings in
the world and stands as a symbol of
eternal love <3
✿ Great Wall of China
- series of stone and earthen
fortifications in Northern China.
- built originally to protect the northern
borders of the Chinese Empire
against intrusions by various
nomadic groups.
✿ Christ the Redeemer Statue
- statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de
Janeiro
- considered the largest Art Deco
statue in the world was constructed
between 1622 and 1931
- located at the top of Corcovado
Mountain.
- 38m high with the statue accounting
for 30m and overlooking the city of
Rio de Janeiro is one of the tallest
statues in the world; the span from
fingertip to fingertip is 28m and there
is a small chapel housed in the
base.
✿ Machu Picchu
- situated on a mountain ridge above
the Urubamba Valley in Peru was
built as an estate for the Inca
emperor Pachacuti (1438-1472)
- Often referred to as 'The Lost City of
the Incas"
- altitude of about 8000 feet
- The largest peak in Machu Picchu,
called Huayna Picchu, is known as
"hitching post of the sun."
✿ Petra “Rose City”
- a historic and archaeological city in
the Jordanian governorate of
Ma'an.
- established around the 6th century
BC
- symbol of Jordan as well as its most
visited tourism attraction
- rose color of the stone out of which it
is carved.
✿ Colosseum
- elliptical amphitheatre in the centre
of the city of Rome, Italy the largest
ever built in the Roman Empire.
- built between 70 and 72 AD
- other purposes were for brutal
executions such as Christian
executions.
✿ Chichen Itza
- second most popular site for visitors
to Mexico.
- Located on the Yucatan Peninsula,
Chichen Itza was a large city built by
the Maya people.
- thrived from about 600 AD., until
1221, when the power in the region
shifted to Mayapan
- also means "at the mouth of the wall
of the ITZA"
New 7 Wonders of Nature - started in 2007
to create a list of seven natural wonders
chosen by people through a global poll.
-second in a series of Internet-based polls
led by Swiss-born Canadian Bernard
Weber.
✿ Amazon Rainforest and River
- world's largest rainforest and is one
of the world's most diverse biological
areas.
- It's huge, covering 40% of South
America, including Brazil, Bolivia,
Peru, Ecuador, Colombia,
Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and
French Guiana.
- Filtering and reprocessing the
world's harmful carbon dioxide
output Trees have hidden attributes
that play a key role in reducing
pollutant levels.
✿ Halong Bay
- popular backpacker destination that
features thousands of limestone
karsts and isles
- In the bay are several floating
villages where local fishermen live.
- Vietnamese: Vịnh Hạ Long, listen,
liferally: “descending dragon bay"
- area of around 1,553 km2, including
1,960-2,000 islets, most of which are
limestone.
✿ Jeju Island “Jejudo”
- volcanic island that lies 230km from
the southern coast of South Korea.
- The largest volcano is Hallasan and
there are 360 other smaller
volcanoes found nearby on the
island.
- surface area of 1,846 sqkm it is the
largest island 130 km off the coast of
the Korean Peninsula
✿ Iguazu Falls
- located on the border of Argentina
and Brazil and they are made up of
275 cascades.
- one of the world's largest waterfalls
and it is more than 2,700m long.
- three cities in the so-called
tri-border between Argentina, Brazil
and Paraguay and South America.
✿ Puerto Princesa Subterranean River
National Park
- located 50km north of Puerto
Princesa on the island of Palawan in
the Philippines.
- claims to be the world's longest
underground river at 8.2km and a
lagoon marks the entrance of the
cave.
- also called Puerto Princesa
Underground River.
✿ Komodo Island
- one of the 17,508 islands that
compose the Republic of Indonesia.
- notable as the habitat of the Komodo
dragon, the largest lizard on Earth,
which is named after the island.
- surface area of 390 square
kilometers & human population of
over two thousand.
✿ Table Mountain
- flat-topped mountain forming a
prominent landmark overlooking the
city of Cape Town in South Africa.
- mountain has withstood six million
years of erosion and hosts the
richest, yet smallest floral kingdom
on earth with over 1,470 floral
species.
- the level plateau approximately 3
kilometres (2 mi) from side to side,
edged by impressive cliffs.
- cliffs of the main plateau are split by
Platteklip Gorge ("Flat Stone
Gorge")
Unique cultural traditions around the world
1.Russian (Giving flowers)
Yellow colors - represent a break- up of a
relationship or deceit.
Red carnations - taboo as well because
flowers presented to veterans who survived
the war and on the graves of those who
have left this earth.
2. Chinese (Gifts)
Clock - taken to mean that time is running
out, or life and relationship can end.
Handkerchief.- sounds like a farewell
greeting.
Umbrella - subtle hint of ending a
relationship.
Gifts in sets of four - 4 is associated with
death.
Straw sandals, shoes - taken to mean that
you want to part ways.
Green hat - means that the wife is being
unfaithful.
3.Egypt (Asking for salt)
- taken as an insult to the host, mean that
you are repulsed by the taste of the meal
served to you.
4. A question of being punctual
Venezuela - norm to arrive 10-15 mins late
Malaysia - 5-60 mins late is acceptable
Morocco - late for an hour or day is alright
Chinese - 10 mins late is fine
Mexican & Greeks - will excuse you if your
30 mins late.
American, Germans, South Koreans &
Japanese - punctual
5. Norway (Table Manner)
- be sure to brush up on how to eat with a
knife and fork before you travel to Norway.
6. "No" to sharp objects
-cultural traditions of the Netherlands and
China are vastly different. They are very
similar and that is in the receiving gifts that
are pointed and sharp, such as scissors and
kitchen knives.
7. Greece (Losing a tooth)
- Greek children are told to toss their tooth
onto their roofs. The cultural tradition is
meant for the child to have a healthy tooth
as well as good luck to the family.
8. Hungary (Say cheers but don't clink
glasses)
-Hungarians swore not to clink their glasses
when having a drink for 150 years. The vow
ended in 1999 but a majority of Hungarians
continues the cultural tradition.
9. Bolivia (Choose the right occasion to
discuss business)
-If you are in Bolivia to discuss business
and your time is limited, it will still be
considered rude to discuss business during
a dinner party or any social occasion.
10. Turkey (Don't try to "go Dutch" in)
- split the meal tab even if the lunch or
dinner is given in your honor is not
acceptable.Offering to pay for half of the
meal is considered polite.
11. South Korea (Red Inks)
- avoid using red ink for writing names of
your friends, red ink symbolizes death.
12. Finland (Trip to sauna)
- if your business client or counterpart
invites you to the sauna after your meeting,
do not be alarmed. This means that your
business meeting is successful.
13. Australia (Sitting in taxi)
- considered snobbish to sit at the back.
Australians often sit in front with the taxi
driver.
14. United Kingdom
- customary for people to greet a lone
magpie to avoid bad luck.
15. Netherlands
- tradition to greet the person celebrating
the birthday as well as the person's family
and other relatives.
16. Greeting people
Germany- invited to a gathering, it is a
tradition to shake hands with everyone in
the room. You even have to shake the
hands of children present.
Japan - greeting and thanking someone in
involves bowing. The depth of the bow
depends on the social status or age of the
person you are greeting.
Argentina - giving a person a kiss on the
cheek is a customary greeting in.
Brazil - customary for friends in to
exchange around three cheek kisses.
France - cultural giving a kiss on the cheek
depends on the region.
● Brest -acceptable to give a person a
kiss on one cheek.
● Toulouse - can kiss both cheeks.
● Nantes - all right to give four kisses on
the cheeks.
17. Austria (“Fingerhakeln”Finger-pulling)
- traditional sport and the rules of the game
are quite strict.
Fingerhakeln - mini version of tug-of-war.
18. The dangers of remaining single after
age 25
German - person who's still single at age 25
is showered by friends with cinnamon
powder throughout the day.
France - people buy funny hats for their
25-year old single friends on Nov 25, Saint
Catherine’s Day.
19. Mexico
- shoving your face on your birthday cake.
20. Wife-carrying or eukonkanto
- competitive sport in Finland.
21. Indonesia (Cutting-off Fingers)
-death of a family member in the Dani tribe
of Indonesia, Dani tribe physically express
that grief by cutting off (by compulsion) a
segment of one of their fingers.
22. Endocannibalism
- Yanomami tribe lives in villages within the
Amazon rainforest, near the border of
Venezuela and Brazil. They are known for
their tradition of endocannibalism:
consuming the flesh of a member of one's
own tribe, usually after they've died.
23. Living with the Dead
- Toraja people of Indonesia practice a truly
singular ritual of exhuming the corpses of
their fellow villagers.

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