Theories of

Cognitive
Development ABC
Presented by: Reann M. Manggohom
D
 01 Understand Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development.

02 Explain the “Zone of proximal Development”.

Objectives 03 Understand and familiarize the “Information processing

Cycle”.

04 Explain the stages and model of Information Processing

theory.

05 Understand the basic assumptions in Information-

Processing Theory
2
 Vygotsky’s Socio-cultural Theory of
Cognitive Development

What is Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory?

 Vygotsky's social development theory asserts that a child's cognitive development

and learning ability can be guided and mediated by their social interactions. His
theory (also called Vygotsky's Sociocultural theory) states that learning is a crucially
social process as opposed to an independent journey of discovery. 

Proponent: Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934)

Scaffolding
 The Zone of Proximal Development
& The Three Categories of Thinking and Problem
Solving
Two Principles of Cultural Influence

1.Cultures are varied.

2.Cultural context.
 Speeches in Vygotsky’s Theory

Social/External

Egocentric

Inner
 “What the child is able to
do in collaboration today,
he will be able to do
independently tomorrow”.
- Lev Vygotsky
 Information-Processing Theory

What is information-processing theory?

 According to Miller's theory, information processing in humans involves gathering

and representing information (encoding), holding information (retention), and
getting at the information when necessary (retrieval).

Proponent: George A. Miller

 Basic Assumptions

Thinking is information Mechanisms of change are

processing important to describe

• Thinking is putting into mind Mechanism:

whatever information there is Encoding, strategy construction,
process. automatization, and
generalization.

The cognitive system is self- Careful task analysis is crucial

modifying
• Child is able to modify his responses to • Child’s cognitive performance is
new situations or problems by using dependent on the problem or situation
the acquired knowledge and strategies and the ability to handle such
acquired from solving earlier according to his level of development.
problems.
 Method of Analyzing Child
Performance

Microgenetic Analysis

 Detailed examination on how a child solves a problem on

a particular learning situation.
Model & Stages of Information Processing
Theory
THANKS!
REFERENCES

 Bouchrika, I. (2022). What is Information Processing Theory? Stages, Models & Limitations. Research.com.
https://research.com/education/what-is-information-processing-theory
 Vinney, C. (2020). Information Processing Theory: Definition and Examples. ThoughtCo.
https://www.thoughtco.com/information-processing-theory-definition-and-examples-4797966