Solar System Design and

Installation Training
 Trainers
• Muhammad Qasim Javed
- CEO, Renewables & Technologies (Pvt) Ltd
- Electrical Engineering HITEC University
• Zahid Imran
- Technical Supervisor, Renewables & Technologies (Pvt) Ltd
- BTech, Preston University
 Company

• Renewables and Technologies (Pvt) Ltd is a solar system installation and

automation company located in Rawalpindi.
• We also deal in solar pumping and solar street lights, CCTV surveillance,
bio-gas plants, PLCs and microcontrollers, engineering works, import and
export and general order supplies.
• We have worked in Rwp/Islamabad, Lahore and Northern Areas.
• We are registered with SECP, FBR, Punjab Government and Pakistan
Engineering Council.
 Course Contents
• Introduction to Solar
• Solar Availability
• Solar System Design
• Cost Analysis
• Solar Feasibility
• Software Design
• Installation Basics
• Earthing
• Net-Metering
 Purpose of this Course
• Enable you be able to design and install solar on your own
• Teach you the technical and economical aspects of solar
business
• Guide you to the various challenges faced in Pakistan
• Give you confidence to start your own solar business
 Renewable Energy?
• Renewable energy, collected from renewable resources, which are
naturally replaced on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain,
tides, waves, and geothermal heat
• Most of modern technology comes from electricity and almost all of
electricity we generate comes from sources that wouldn’t exist without the
Sun
 Problem with Fossil Fuels
• By some estimates, the total energy of the fossil fuels accumulated in the
Earth’s crust in the past 500 million years is 1023J (Joules)
• However, humans are currently using 1x1020 Joules/year of electricity! At
this rate, we will run out of fossil fuels in the next 100 years!
• Fossil fuels are depleting faster than they are producing. Fossil fuels are
going extinct!
 Solar Energy
• Renewable energy sources don’t get depleted but there is a limit to how
much power they can provide
• The most abundant renewable energy source is solar energy
• Solar energy is mainly used in two ways; photovoltaics and solar thermal
energy
• When sunlight falls on a semi-conductor, and electrons are excited which
then form electrical current. So directly sunlight is converted into
electricity
Sun and Sunlight
 Wave nature of Light
• Some scientists, including Newton, believed that light was carried by
particles which move in straight lines
• English scientist Thomas Young discovered that light moved not in a
straight line but in the form of waves
 Electromagnetic Sunlight
• It is a kind of radiation including visible light, radio waves, gamma rays,
and X-rays, in which electric and magnetic fields vary simultaneously
• Sunlight is electromagnetic radiation from the Sun
• Some of the properties of electromagnetic radiation are:
• Intensity
• Direction
• Wavelength
• Frequency
 Quantization of Light
• Quantization means that something cannot be further separated into
arbitrarily small pieces: eventually, you reach a piece small enough that it
can no longer be divided
• Albert Einstein discovered the photoelectric effect with the introduction of
the "photon", a quantized packet of electromagnetic radiation
• His work on photons would lead to him winning the 1921 Nobel Prize in
physics.
• Light being quantized into photons, similar to how matter is quantized
into atoms
 Photoelectric Effect
• Some materials will emit electrons when light is shined on them - this is
called the photoelectric effect.
• The photoelectric effect occurs because energy delivered by the light can
be absorbed by electrons, and once an electron has gained enough energy,
it can escape from its host material
 Photovoltaic Effect
• Very high energy photons are required to cause the photoelectric effect,
and most solar photons would not be energetic enough to eject an electron
• PV cells make use of the Photovoltaic Effect
• The photovoltaic effect is similar to the photoelectric effect, but instead of
energizing electrons so much that they're ejected from the material, the
electrons are energized while still being contained in the material
• The photoelectric effect is usually observed in metals, while the
photovoltaic effect is observed in semiconductors
End of the 1st Class