Environmental

Technology
 Objectives
• To generalize an overview of
Components of
environment
• Discuss advantages and
disadvantage of
environmental technologies.

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Environment
Concept and Components
 Environment
• It comes from the French word “environia”
meaning “to surround”
• Environment is living things and what is
around them.
• It can be living or non-living things.
• It is from the environment that we get food to
eat, water to drink, air to breathe and all
necessities of day to day life.
• Environment around us constitutes a life
support system.

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 Basic Components
1. Atmosphere or the air
2. Hydrosphere or the water
3. Lithosphere or the rocks and soil
4. The living component of the environment or the
biosphere

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 Atmosphere
The atmosphere is
composed of nitrogen,
oxygen and other gases
of it is the air that is all
around the earth.

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Layers of the
Atmosphere
 Troposphere
• The troposphere starts
at the Earth's surface
and extends 8 to 14.5
kilometres high (5 to 9
miles).
• This part of the
atmosphere is the
densest.
• Almost all weather is
in this region.

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 Stratosphere
• The stratosphere starts
just above the
troposphere and
extends to 50
kilometers (31 miles)
high.
• The ozone layer, which
absorbs and scatters the
solar ultraviolet
radiation, is in this
layer.

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 Mesosphere
• The mesosphere starts just
above the stratosphere and
extends to 85 kilometers (53
miles) high.
• Meteors burn up in this
layer.

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 Thermosphere
• The thermosphere
starts just above the
mesosphere and
extends to 600
kilometers (372 miles)
high.
• Aurora and satellites
occur in this layer.

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 Ionosphere
The ionosphere is an
abundant layer of
electrons and ionized
atoms and molecules
that stretches from about
48 kilometers (30 miles)
above.
This region is what makes
radio communications
possible.

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 Exosphere
This is the upper limit of
our atmosphere.
It extends from the top
of the thermosphere up
to 10,000 km (6,200 mi).

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Energy Flow and
Ecosystem
 Energy Flow and
Environment
• The flow of energy in ecosystems is vitally
important to the thriving of life on Earth.
Nearly all of the energy in Earth's ecosystems
originates within the sun.
• A simple way to analyze the distribution of
energy is through a food chain or food web.
• All organisms, dead or alive, have potential
for energy transfer in an ecosystem.
• little matter is actually wasted in ecosystems.

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 Energy Flow and
Environment
• Due to the second law of thermodynamics,
not all energy can be made full use of.
• Throughout the food chain the energy must
be converted into useful work, which always
yields wasted energy as heat.

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Levels in the Food
Chain
 Trophic Levels
• There are varying levels in a food
chain, known as trophic levels, all
starting at the producers which
originally absorb the sun's light.
• It then moves up to the organisms
that eat or decompose it, which
continues all the way to the apex
predators (those that are no longer
typically eaten by other animals)
which can only decompose at a
later point.

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 Biomass
• Each level contains a certain
amount of biomass, which is
transferred from one level to the
next.
• Only a portion of what is
consumed is actually converted
into usable biomass from level to
level, with typical efficiencies of 2-
40%.This is known as ecological
efficiency.

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Natural Resources
 • Ever since the earth was inhabited
, humans and other life forms
have depended on things that
exist freely in nature to survive.
• These things include water (seas
and fresh water), land, soils, rocks,
forests (vegetation), animals
(including fish), fossil fuels and
minerals.
• These are called natural resources.

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 • Sometimes, natural resources
can be used as raw materials to
produce something.
• For instance, we can use a tree
from the forest to produce
timber. The timber is then used
to produce wood for furniture or
pulp for paper and paper
products. In this scenario, the
tree is the raw material.

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Types of Natural
Resources
 Renewable
• Renewable resources are
those that are constantly
available (like water) or
can be reasonably
replaced or recovered.

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Non-Renewable
• Non-renewable
resources are those
that cannot easily be
replaced once they are
destroyed.

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 Metallic & Non-
Metallic
• Metallic minerals are those that
have metals in them. They are
harder, shiny, and can be melted
to form new products.
• Non-metallic minerals have no
metals in them. They are softer
and do not shine.

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Environmental
Technologies
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 What is Environmental Tech.?
• Environmental technology (envirotech), green
technology (Greentech) or clean technology (cleantech) is
the application of one or more of environmental science,
green chemistry, environmental monitoring and electronic
devices
• This is to monitor, model and conserve the natural
environment and resources, and to curb the negative
impacts of human involvement.

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 What is Environmental Tech.?
• The term is also used to describe sustainable energy generation
technologies such as photovoltaics, wind turbines, bioreactors,
etc.
• Sustainable development is the core of environmental
technologies. The term environmental technologies is also used
to describe a class of electronic devices that can promote
sustainable management of resources.

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 • Environmental technologies are not just individual
technologies, but total systems .
• These may include know-how, procedures, goods and
services, and equipment as well as organizational and
societal processes and procedures.

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 Social Impact
• Environmental technology contributes
to sustainable development by
protecting the environment and
maintaining welfare.
• to identify promising technologies
while taking into account all life cycle
stages of the product or service, from
raw material extraction to disposal

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Scope of
Environmental
Technology
 Renewable Energy
• Renewable energy is the
energy that can be
replenished easily. Energy
that can be produced by
natural objects like wood,
sun, wind, etc. is considered
to be renewable.

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 Water Purification
• Water purification: The whole
idea/concept of having
dirt/germ/pollution free water
flowing throughout the
environment.
• Water pollution is the main
enemy of this concept, and
various campaigns and activists
have been organized around
the world to help purify water.
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 Air Purification
• Air purification: Basic and
common green plants
can be grown indoors to
keep air fresh because all
plants remove CO2 and
convert it into oxygen.

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 Sewage Treatment
• Sewage treatment is
conceptually similar to water
purification.
• Sewage treatments are very
important as they purify water
per levels of its pollution.

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nvironmental Remediation
• Environmental remediation is
the removal of pollutants or
contaminants for the general
protection of the environment.

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 Solid Waste Management
• Solid waste management is
the purification, consumption,
reuse, disposal and treatment
of solid waste.

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 Egain Forecasting
• Egain forecasting is a method of
controlling building heating by
calculating demand for heating
energy that should be supplied to
the building in each time unit. 

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 Energy Conservation
• Energy conservation is
the utilization of
devices that require
smaller amounts of
energy in order to
reduce the
consumption of
electricity.

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Top 10
Environmental
Technologies
 Make Oil from Anything

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 De-Salination Plants

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Hydrogen , Electric , Nuclear

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 Solar Power

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cean Thermal Conversion
OTEC technologies convert the
thermal energy contained in the
oceans and turn it into electricity by
using the temperature difference
between the water's surface, which
is heated, and the cold of the
ocean's bottom.

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 Harness Waves and Tides
Waves contain an abundance
of energy that could be
directed to turbines, which
can then turn this
mechanical power into
electrical.

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 Green Architecture
Roof gardens help absorb heat,
reduce the carbon dioxide
impact by taking up CO2 and
giving off oxygen, absorb storm
water, and reduce summer air
conditioning usage. Ultimately,
the technique could lessen the
"heat island" effect that occurs
in urban centers.

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 Bioremediation
Bioremediation uses microbes
and plants to clean up
contamination. Examples
include the cleanup of nitrates
in contaminated water with the
help of microbes, and using
plants to uptake arsenic from
contaminated soil (like the
Arabidopsis in the image
above), in a process known as
phytoremediation.
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 Carbon Capture and
Storage

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Making Paper Obsolete

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Thank You
and
God Bless