Metallurgy

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 Metallurgy
The science which deals with
Metals and Alloys

Mixture of more
One element than one element

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 Solidification Of Matter

Liquid Solid
I.A.D I.A.D

Energy Energy
 Crystalline solids:
Solid dental materials are termed crystalline when their atoms are regularly
and repeatedly arranged in a space lattice.

Space lattice or crystal lattice is defined as: The regular arrangement of

atoms in three dimensions such that every atom has a position similar to
every other atom.

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Dr. Hala Bahgat
 a- Crystalline System

Begins with the Unit cell

i- Cubic system

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 FCC
BCC
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Dr. Hala Bahgat
 Atomic Packing Factor
APF = volume of atoms inside the unit cell
volume of unit cell

SCS = 1 atom = 0.54  50% of the space is free

FCC = 4 atoms = 0.74
CPH = 6 atoms = 0.74
High atomic packing factor leads to stability and
higher
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Characteristics of Crystalline structure:

- Low energy.

- Definite melting point.

- High mechanical properties.

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 Low magnitude of force =
elastic deformation

High magnitude of force =

plastic deformation

plastic deformation in metals =

movements of dislocation

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Point Defect : Vacancy

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Interstitial
Line Defect :

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Planar Defect :

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 Effect of Imperfections in crystalline
structure:
Deformation of axes
It hinders the movements of dislocation

Increasing the strength of the materials

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Dr. Hala Bahgat
 Metallurgy

Properties of metals:
Generally, the properties of metals result from both their crystalline
structure and metallic bond where valence electrons are delocalized and
free to move throughout the metal rather than the remaining bounded
electrons.
1. Metals are crystalline solids with the exception of mercury and gallium
which are liquids at room temperature. Another exception is hydrogen,
hydrogen
which is a very reactive metal; it exists as a gas at room temperature.

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 2. Opacity results from the ability of the
valence electrons to absorb light

3. Lustrous: Reimission of light absorbed

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 4. High density: is related to atomic weight, atomic radius and atomic packing
factor.

5. Electrical and thermal conductors: mobility of the valence electrons are

efficient carriers of thermal as well as electrical energy along a
potential gradient.

6. High hardness, melting point and boiling point due to the strength of the
primary interatomic bonding within the crystalline solid.

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 7. Ductility and malleability.

8. On striking a metal surface, a metallic ring

is given.

9. Most metals are white with slight

differences in tint. Two metals are non
white, gold (yellow) and copper (red).
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 Uses of Pure Metals in Dentistry:
Pure gold
under
the ceramic
Restoration
To improve
Gold foil the margin
Platinum foil

Dental implants

Electroplated Hg in Amalgam
Silver point die restoration
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 Shaping Methods of Metals in Dentistry:

1. Casting (cast
structure):

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 2. Cold Working (Fibrous or wrought
Structure)

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 3. Powder metallurgy (sintering)

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 4. Electroforming

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Dr. Hala Bahgat