PRAGMATICS

Oleh :
 Dian Sri Wahyuni (208820300521)
 Fatimatul Latifah (208820300301)
 Wulan Elok Wahyu Lestari (208820300231)
 Definition
Pragmatics is more directed to the implied meaning of an
utterance or sentence conveyed, in contrast to semantics
where the meaning is following the utterance or sentence
conveyed
 CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE
• Conversational Implicature Is the process of understanding the meaning of
speech to knowing what the communicator actually said.
• The 4 parts of maxim by Grice:
1. Quality
2. Quantity
3. Manner
4. Relevance
 The example of implicature in maxim:
1. Quality implicature: > John has two PhD’s
• means that I believe John has two PhD’s, and have adequate evidence that he has.
2. Quantity implicature: > Nigel has fourteen children
• means that Nigel has no more than fourteen children
3. Manner implicature:
A: How do I get into you apartment?
B: Walk up to the front door, turn the door handle clockwise as far as it will go, and then pull
gently towards you.
• means that pay particular attention and care to each step of the instructions I’ve given you
3. Relevance implicature:
A: Can you tell me the time?
B: Well, the milkman has come
• means that The time now is after the time the milkman arrived.
 PRESUPPOSITIONS

● Presupposition comes from the word to pre-suppose, which in English

means to presume (predictably or temporarily conjectured), in the sense that
before the speaker or writer says something he already has previous
accusations about the other person or being talked about.
 Yule classifies presuppositions into six
types, namely

4. Structural presuppositions,
1. Existential presuppositions,
5. Non-factual
2. Factual presuppositions, presuppositions,
3. Lexical presuppositions, 6. Counter factual
presuppositions.
 SPEECH ACTS

Definition
These basic units of linguistic interaction – such as give a
warning to, greet, apply for, tell what, confirm an appointment –
(the acts, not the labels) are called speech acts.

There are two parts of speech acts such as syntax and words
that indicate speech act type and Content and force in speech
acts.
 SPEECH ACTS

Syntax and words that Content and force in speech

indicate speech act type acts

Entailment, which is
● Statement foundational in semantics, is
● Orders defined in terms of truth.
Truth is vital for the speech
● Indirect speech acts acts known as statements,
but can be peripheral to
other speech acts.
THANK YOU