PRE-CALCULUS

LESSON 1:
NECESSARY FORMULA IN
GEOMETRY

Mr. John Mark Madeja

NECESSARY FORMULA
IN GEOMETRY
 Distance Formula,
 Midpoint Formula, and
 Points of Division Formula

Mr. John Mark Madeja

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
familiarize the necessary formulas in
geometry;
apply the distance formula in solving
problems in Cartesian plane; and
recognize the difference between
Midpoint formula and Points of Division
formula

Mr. John Mark Madeja

 DISTANCE FORMULA
In order to find the distance between any two
points in horizontal or vertical line, get the
absolute value of the difference between the
coordinates of points. Hence, the length of
the line segment joining the points and is
given by

Mr. John Mark Madeja

A
On a coordinate plane, all
points on a vertical line
have the same x-coordinate.
Thus, we can use the
B method for distance on a
number line to find AB for A
(2, 9) and B (2, 3)

Find the distance of AB.

𝑨𝑩=|𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒚 − 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆|
Mr. John Mark Madeja
 On a coordinate plane, all
points on a vertical line
have the same x-coordinate.
Thus, we can use the
method for distance on a
number line to find AB for A
(4, 3) and B (4, -2)

Find the distance of AB.

𝑨𝑩=|𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒚 − 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆|
Mr. John Mark Madeja
 On a coordinate plane, all
points on a horizontal line
have the same y-coordinate.
Thus, we can use the
method for distance on a
number line to find AB for A
(-4, 4) and B (3, 4)

Find the distance of AB.

𝑨𝑩=|𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆|
Mr. John Mark Madeja
 On a coordinate plane, all
points on a horizontal line
have the same y-coordinate.
Thus, we can use the
method for distance on a
number line to find AB for A
(1, 2) and B (4, 2)

Find the distance of AB.

𝑨𝑩=|𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆|
Mr. John Mark Madeja
A formula for the distance between
points on the coordinate plane can be
found by assuming P and Q to be any
points at respectively.

Mr. John Mark Madeja

 The horizontal and vertical
lines through P and Q
intersect at point
R(

Mr. John Mark Madeja

Mr. John Mark Madeja
 Distance Formula
• The distance between two distinct points
and is given by

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Example 1.
B

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Example 2.

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3. How far is the point
from the point ?

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Find the distance between the
following two points:

1. and

2. and

3. and

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Prove that the points and are the vertices of a
right triangle and find its area.

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The point is units from . Find .

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Questions?

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 II. Show that the given
I. Find the distance
points form the vertices
between the given points.
of the indicated plane
figure, and find the area
1. and
enclosed by the plane
figure.
2. and
6. and ; right triangle
3. and
7. and ; isosceles triangle
4. and
8.
5. and
and ; square

Mr. John Mark Madeja

 Midpoint Formula
Consider two points
on the plane and let
P(x, y) be the midpoint
of the segment joining
them. Drop
perpendiculars from A,
P, and B to the x-axis.
Then x is midway
between

Mr. John Mark Madeja

Mr. John Mark Madeja
Similar reasoning
applies to y. The
result, called the
midpoint formula
states that the
coordinates (x, y)
of the midpoint P
are given by

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1. Find the coordinates of the
midpoint of a segment whose
endpoints are at (-2, 6) and (3, -2)

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2. M(-1, -3) is the midpoint of segment
PQ. If P is at (-3, 2), find the
coordinates of Q.

Mr. John Mark Madeja

3. For a line segment AB, one endpoint is A
(6, 5) and the midpoint is M(4, 2). Find the
coordinates of the other endpoint B.

Mr. John Mark Madeja

4. Midpoint R between the points P and Q
has the coordinates (4, 6). If the
coordinates of Q are (8, 10), then what are
the coordinates for point P?

Mr. John Mark Madeja

5. Find the midpoint of a line whose
endpoints are (4, 5) and (6, 7).

Mr. John Mark Madeja

Mr. John Mark Madeja
 Group yourself into 4 groups.
Each group will answer the following
problems. One representative will
come in front to answer.

You only have 30 secs. to discuss

within the group then after 30 secs
one representative will come in front
to write the answer.
Mr. John Mark Madeja
1. If (1, 0) is the midpoint of the line
joining the points A(-6, -5) and B, then
find the coordinates of B.

Mr. John Mark Madeja

2. Find the coordinates of the centre of
the circle whose endpoints of a
diameter are (0, 2), (3, 4).

Mr. John Mark Madeja

3. R is the midpoint between Q(−9,
−1) and T(−3, 7). Find its
coordinates.

Mr. John Mark Madeja

Find the midpoint of the line joining
these pairs of points.

4. and

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Find the midpoint of the line joining
these pairs of points.

5. and

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Find the midpoint of the line joining
these pairs of points.

Mr. John Mark Madeja

Find the midpoint of the following line
segments:

and

and

and

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 POINT OF DIVISION
• Given if P is a point on such that
then P is said to divide in the
ratio of and P is called a point of
division.

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Mr. John Mark Madeja
POINT OF DIVISION ILLUSTARTION

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 1. Find the coordinates of P(x, y)
that divide the segment from
E(2, -4) to F(9, 3) so that PE:PF=2:5.

Mr. John Mark Madeja

2. Find the point on the segment
joining (1, 3) and (6, 7) that is
11/13 of the way from the first
point to the second.

Mr. John Mark Madeja

 3. A(-3, 2) and B(1, 3) are two
points. C is a point on produced
such that AC : CB = 1 : 2. Find the
coordinates of C.

Mr. John Mark Madeja

LET’S TRY THIS!

Mr. John Mark Madeja

 For A(-1, 2), B(3, 0), C(4, -3),
and D(-7, 2), find the coordinates of:

1. P which divides in the ratio 1:2 .

2. Q which divides in the ratio 2:3 .
3. R which divides in the ratio 3:5 .
4. S which divides in the ratio 4:1 .
5. T which divides in the ratio 3:7 .

Mr. John Mark Madeja

 The End…
Mr. John Mark Madeja