What is Taxonomy?

Taxonomy is the science of

naming and classifying
organisms.
Caro
u
sl na
L
e
u
is

1750

Carolus Linnaeus
Father of Modern Taxonomy
Binomial Nomenclature
The two-worded scientific name is
now known as the binomial system
of classification or binomial
nomenclature.
 Binomial Nomenclature

Homo sapiens Homo sapiens

genus species
 Rules of
Binomial
Nomenclature
Some of the major rules in
nomenclature,

1. Names should be written in Latin.

2. Genus—Capitalized : Species—lower case
letter
3. Because words are Latinized, they should
always be italicized; or
4. When scientific names are written by
hand, each separate word should be
underlined.
Why should one need a
scientific name when a
perfectly good common name is
available?
• Because common names are so often imprecise or
misleading.
• For example what is known by one name in one country may
be known by another name in another country.
https://wwf.panda.org/discover/knowledge_hub/teacher_resources/webfieldtrips/scientific_nomenclature/
 Why is there a need for
Binomial Nomenclature?
With so many species on this
planet, it is essential to have a
way to keep track of all of
them, hence scientific names.
Multiple local names make it
extremely difficult to identify
an organism globally and
keep a track of the number of
species.
Thus, it creates a lot of
In the scientific world, it is
extremely important to know
the precise information about
the object we study and also to
know what class or type it
belongs to.
The name must therefore
Taxonomical Classifications
of Organisms
Levels of Classification
Canis lupus
familiaris
 ORGANISM
S

ARCHAEA BACTERIA EUKARYA

DOMAIN DOMAIN DOMAIN

Kingdom Kingdom
Archaebacteria Eubacteria
BACTERIA
DOMAIN
Kingdom Eubacteria
 BACTERIA DOMAIN: KINGDOM
EUBACTERIA

 Referred as the TRUE

BACTERIA or BACTERIA
GROUP
 BACTERIA DOMAIN: KINGDOM
EUBACTERIA
BACTERIA
 Have varied shapes
 Can be found in almost all kinds
of places, in soil, water, and air
 Can cause disease and harm to
other organisms
CLASSIFICATIONS OF BACTERIA

COCCI
 Singular “COCCUS”
 Pairs= DIPLOCOCCUS
 Chains= STREPTOCOCCUS
 Cluster= STAPHYLOCOCCUS
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF BACTERIA

BACILLI

 Singular “BACILLUS”
CLASSIFICATIONS OF BACTERIA

SPIRILLA
 Propionibacterium acnes

PIMPLES

 Swelling of oil glands

 Escherichia Coli

E. coli
 Found in the large intestine of
humans
 Feeds on partially digested food
moving from the stomach to the
small intestines
 Provide vitamin B12
 Escherichia Coli

E. coli
 Can produce poisons causing
diarrhea or kidney damage and
even death
 Leptospira interrogans

LEPTOSPIROSIS
 Present in the urine of rats,
cattles, pigs, horses, dogs, and
wild animals
Lactobacilli bulgaricus

YOGURT
 Lactase in the bacteria changes
the milk sugar into lactic acid
 Oil-eating bacteria

BIOREMEDIATION
 Is the process that takes place
when eubacteria are able to
break down or remove pollutants
 Oil spills in he ocean
 CYANOBACTERIA

 Are plantlike because they have

chlorophyll-containing cells
 Grow in esteros or in moist
places like gardens and sidewalls
where light is present
 Bacillus thurigiensis

 Serve as microbial pesticide

 Used to control pests and insects
carrying disease-causing
organisms
 ORGANISM
S

ARCHAEA BACTERIA EUKARYA

DOMAIN DOMAIN DOMAIN

Kingdom Kingdom Kingdom

Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protists
 BACTERIA
DOMAIN
Kingdom Kingdom
Eubacteria Protists
BACTERIA DOMAIN:KINGDOM PROTISTS

 Though most are microscopic,

some can grow to as high as
several meters
BACTERIA DOMAIN:KINGDOM PROTISTS

1. PHOTOTROPHS
- produce their own food
2. HETEROTROPHS
- feed on other organisms
3. SPOROZOAN
- are all parasitic
BACTERIA DOMAIN:KINGDOM PROTISTS

1. PHOTOTROPHS
 Are like plants that have
chlorophyll
 Produce their own food
BACTERIA DOMAIN:KINGDOM PROTISTS

1. PHOTOTROPHS
 ALGAE
-Green algae
-Brown algae
-Golden algae
-Red algae
BACTERIA DOMAIN:KINGDOM PROTISTS

1. PHOTOTROPHS
 Green algae
- grow on wet, humid rocks or
bark of trees in non-flowing
canals, in seas or even polluted
waterways
BACTERIA DOMAIN:KINGDOM PROTISTS

1. PHOTOTROPHS
 Green algae
- Marine Alga or Caulerpa
lentillifera is eaten fresh as salad
BACTERIA DOMAIN:KINGDOM PROTISTS

1. PHOTOTROPHS
 Brown algae
- are the largest algae species
- found in marine waters
–used in toothpaste, cosmetics,
candy, and ice cream
BACTERIA DOMAIN:KINGDOM PROTISTS

1. PHOTOTROPHS
 Golden algae
- cells also contain chlorophyll
but is masked by yellow
pigments
BACTERIA DOMAIN:KINGDOM PROTISTS

1. PHOTOTROPHS
 Red algae
- found in marine waters
- when expose to light they are
bright green
- when hidden to light they are
red
BACTERIA DOMAIN:KINGDOM PROTISTS

1. PHOTOTROPHS
 Euglenoids
*Euglena
-lives in freshwater
BACTERIA DOMAIN:KINGDOM PROTISTS

1. HETEROTROPHS
 Feed other organisms
 Amoeba- can contaminate water
which causes amoebiasis
BACTERIA DOMAIN:KINGDOM PROTISTS

1. HETEROTROPHS
 Giardia lamblia- causes severe
diarrhea
 ORGANISM
S

ARCHAEA BACTERIA EUKARYA

DOMAIN DOMAIN DOMAIN

Kingdom Kingdom Kingdom Fungi Plant Animal

Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protists Kingdom Kingdom Kingdom
EUKARYA
DOMAIN
Fungi Kingdom
 EUKARYA DOMAIN: FUNGI KINGDOM

FUNGI
 Pleurotus sajor-caju or Oyster
mushroom
 EUKARYA DOMAIN: FUNGI KINGDOM

FUNGI
 They have no chlorophyll thus
cannot produce their own food
 Some are parasites- they survive
by living on a host organism
 Some are saprophytes- feed on
decaying matter
BACTERIA DOMAIN:KINGDOM PROTISTS

FUNGI
 EUKARYA DOMAIN: FUNGI KINGDOM

FUNGI
 Saccharomyces rouxii or Yeast
 EUKARYA DOMAIN: FUNGI KINGDOM

FUNGI
 Aspergillus oryzae or mold
 EUKARYA DOMAIN: FUNGI KINGDOM

FUNGI
 Penicillium notatum or Penicillin
- a drug that kills disese-causing
bacteria
 EUKARYA DOMAIN: FUNGI KINGDOM

FUNGI
 Trichophyton mentagrophytes or
Athlete’s foot
 EUKARYA DOMAIN: FUNGI KINGDOM

FUNGI
 Trichophyton rubrum or
ringworm