STATISTICS AND

PROBABILITY
FINDING THE MEAN
AND VARIANCE OF
THE SAMPLING
DISTRIBUTION OF
SAMPLE MEANS
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, student should be able to:
 State and illustrate the steps in finding the mean and
variance of the sampling distribution of a sample mean;
 Calculate the mean and variance of the sampling
distribution of a sample mean; and
 Solve real-life problems involving random sampling.
REMEMBER ME!

Sample Mean Sample Variance is the Population

variance calculated in the data. Variance refers the
is the mean of
value of variance is
sample values calculated from the
Population Mean
collected. is the of all values population data.
in the population.

μ
STEPS IN FINDING THE MEAN AND VARIANCE OF
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF A SAMPLE MEAN.
1. Compute the population mean ().
2. Compute the population variance ()
3. Determine the number of possible samples.
4. List all the possible samples and their corresponding means.
5. Construct the sampling distribution of the sample means.
6. Compute the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample
means ().
7. Compute the variance () of the sampling distribution of the
sample means.
8. Construct the histogram.
Example 1.
Consider a population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Suppose
samples size of 2 are drawn from this population. What is the
mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the sample
means?

1. Compute the population mean.

𝑋 =1 , 2 ,3 , 4 , 5 𝑁 =5

𝜇=
∑ 𝑋 1+2+3+ 4 +5 15
¿ ¿ ¿ 𝟑
𝑁 5 5
Example 1.
Consider a population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Suppose
samples size of 2 are drawn from this population. What is the
mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the sample
means?
2. Compute the population variance.
2
𝜎 =
∑ ( 𝑋 −𝜇)2
2 2 2 2 2 ¿
¿(1 −3) +(2 − 3) +(3 −3) +(4 − 3) +(5 −3) + ¿
𝑁 5
2 10
𝜎 =
5
2
𝜎 =𝟐
Example 1.
Consider a population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Suppose
samples size of 2 are drawn from this population. What is the
mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the sample
means?
3. Determine the number of possible samples.
NCn =

N=5 n=2

NCn = = = = =
Example 1.
Consider a population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Suppose
samples size of 2 are drawn from this population. What is the
mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the sample
means?
4. List all the possible samples and their corresponding means.
𝑋 =1 , 2 ,3 , 4 , 5

SAMPLE 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 2,3 2,4 2,5 3,4 3,5 4,5

MEAN 1.5 2 2.5 3 2.5 3 3.5 3.5 4 4.5

Example 2
SAMPLE
Consider a1,2 1,3
population 1,4 1,5
consisting of 1,2,3
2, 3, 4,2,4
and 5.2,5 3,4
Suppose 3,5
samples 4,5
size of
2 are drawn from this population. What is the mean and variance of the
MEAN 1.5 2 2.5 3 2.5 3 3.5 3.5 4 4.5
sampling distribution of the sample means?
5. Construct the sampling distribution of the sample means.
SAMPLE MEAN FREQUENCY PROBABILITY P()
1.5 1 1/10 = 0.10
2 1 1/10 = 0.10
2.5 2 2/10 = 0.20
3 2 2/10 = 0.20
3.5 2 2/10 = 0.20
4 1 1/10 = 0.10
4.5 1 1/10 = 0.10
TOTAL: 10 1
Example 2
Consider a population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
Suppose samples size of 2 are drawn from this population.
What is the mean and variance of the sampling distribution
of the sample means?
6. Compute the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample
means.
6. Compute the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample
means.
SAMPLE MEAN FREQUENCY PROBABILITY P()
1.5 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.15
2 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.2
2.5 2 2/10 = 0.20 0.5
3 2 2/10 = 0.20 0.6
3.5 2 2/10 = 0.20 0.7
4 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.4
4.5 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.45
TOTAL: 10 1
Example 2
Consider a population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
Suppose samples size of 2 are drawn from this population.
What is the mean and variance of the sampling distribution
of the sample means?
7. Compute the variance of the sampling distribution of the sample
means.
7. Compute the variance of the sampling distribution of the sample
means.
F P()

1.5 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.15 -1.5 2.25 0.225

2 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.2 -1 1 0.1
2.5 2 2/10 = 0.20 0.5 -0.5 0.25 0.05
3 2 2/10 = 0.20 0.6 0 0 0
3.5 2 2/10 = 0.20 0.7 0.5 0.25 0.05
4 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.4 1 1 0.1
4.5 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.45 1.5 2.25 0.225
10
8. Construct the histogram.
P()

1.5 1/10 = 0.10

2 1/10 = 0.10

2.5 2/10 = 0.20

3 2/10 = 0.20

3.5 2/10 = 0.20

4 1/10 = 0.10

4.5 1/10 = 0.10

Example 1.
Consider a population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Suppose
samples size of 2 are drawn from this population. What is the
mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the sample
means?
1. Population mean and mean of the sampling distribution
∑
𝝁=𝝁 𝒙 𝜇= 𝑁
𝑋
N 𝑋=1 , 2 ,3 , 4 , 5
1+2+ 3+4 +5
𝜇=
5
15
𝜇= ¿ 𝟑Since then 𝝁 𝒙 =𝟑
5
Example 1.
Consider a population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Suppose
samples size of 2 are drawn from this population. What is the
mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the sample
means?
2. Variance of the population mean.
∑ ∑
( )
2 2
2 𝑋 𝑋
𝜎 = −
1 1 𝑁 𝑁
22
15 =11 −
𝜎
2
3
4
9
𝜎 =
2 55
5
−
5
𝝈
( 𝟐
=
)
4 16
=√ 𝟐
2 2
𝜎 =11 − 𝝈 (3 )
5 25
∑ 𝑿=𝟏𝟓 ∑ 𝑿 =𝟓𝟓 𝟐
Example 1.
Consider a population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Suppose
samples size of 2 are drawn from this population. What is the
mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the sample
means?
3. Variance of the sampling distribution.
𝑁 =5 𝑛=2 𝟐
𝝈 =𝟐
1 1
2 4 𝟐 𝝈 𝟐
𝑵𝝈 −𝟐 𝒏𝒙 = 1 ∙
3 9 𝝈 𝒙=
𝒏
∙
𝑵 −𝟏
4 16 𝟐
𝝈 𝒙=
𝟑
𝒐𝒓 𝟎
5 25 𝟐
𝝈 𝒙=
2
∙
𝟓 −𝟐 𝟒
∑ 𝑿=𝟏𝟓 ∑ 𝑿 =𝟓𝟓
𝟐 2 𝟓𝝈−𝒙 = √ 𝟎 . 𝟕𝟓 𝒐𝒓
𝟏
Example 2
A population consists of the numbers 2, 4, 9, 10 and 5. List all
the possible sample size of 3 from this population and compute
the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the
sample means.

1. Compute the population mean.

𝑋=2 , 4 , 9 , 10 ,5 𝑁 =5

𝜇=
∑ 𝑋 2+ 4+ 9+10+5
¿ ¿
30
¿𝟔
𝑁 5 5
Example 2
A population consists of the numbers 2, 4, 9, 10 and 5. List all
the possible sample size of 3 from this population and compute
the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the
sample means.
2. Compute the population variance.
2
𝜎 =
∑ ( 𝑋 −𝜇)2
¿
(2 −6)2
+( 4 − 6)2
+(9 −6)2
+(10− 6)2
+(5 − 6)2

𝑁 5
2 46
𝜎 =
5
2
𝜎 =𝟗 . 𝟐
Example 2
A population consists of the numbers 2, 4, 9, 10 and 5. List all
the possible sample size of 3 from this population and compute
the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the
sample means.
3. Determine the number of possible samples.
NCn =

N=5 n=3

NCn = = = =
Example 2
A population consists of the numbers 2, 4, 9, 10 and 5. List all
the possible sample size of 3 from this population and compute
the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the
sample means.
4. List all the possible samples and their corresponding means.
𝑋 =2 , 4 , 9 , 10 ,5 N Cn =

SAMPLE 2,4,9 2,4,10 2,4,5 2,9,10 2,9,5 2,10,5 4,9,10 4,9,5 4,10,5 9,10,5

MEAN 5 5.33 3.67 7 5.33 5.67 7.67 6 6.33 8

Example 2
SAMPLE 2,4,9 consists
A population 2,4,10 of
2,4,5 2,9,10 2,9,5
the numbers 2, 4, 2,10,5 4,9,10
9, 10 and 4,9,5all 4,10,5
5. List 9,10,5
the possible
sample size of 3 from this population and compute the mean and variance of
theMEAN 5 5.33 of3.67
sampling distribution 7
the sample 5.33
means. 5.67 7.67 6 6.33 8

5. Construct the sampling distribution of the sample means.

SAMPLE MEAN FREQUENCY PROBABILITY P()
3.67 1 1/10 = 0.10
5 1 1/10 = 0.10
5.33 2 2/10 = 0.20
5.67 1 1/10 = 0.10
6 1 1/10 = 0.10
6.33 1 1/10 = 0.10
7 1 1/10 = 0.10
7.67 1 1/10 = 0.10
8 1 1/10 = 0.10
10 1
Example 2
A population consists of the numbers 2, 4, 9, 10 and 5. List all
the possible sample size of 3 from this population and compute
the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the
sample means.

6. Compute the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample

means.
6. Compute the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample
means.
SAMPLE MEAN FREQUENCY PROBABILITY P()

3.67 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.367

5 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.5

5.33 2 2/10 = 0.20 1.066

5.67 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.567

6 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.6

6.33 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.633

7 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.7

7.67 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.767

8 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.8

Example 2.
A population consists of the numbers 2, 4, 9, 10 and 5. List all
the possible sample size of 3 from this population and compute
the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the
sample means.
7. Compute the variance of the sampling distribution of the sample
means.
7. Compute the variance of the sampling distribution of the sample
means.
FREQUENCY P()
3.67 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.367 -2.33 5.4289 0.54289

5 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.5 -1 1 0.10

5.33 2 2/10 = 0.20 1.066 -0.67 0.4489 0.08978

5.67 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.567 -0.33 0.1089 0.01089

6 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.6 0 0 0

6.33 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.633 0.33 0.1089 0.01089

7 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.7 1 1 0.10

7.67 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.767 1.67 2.7889 0.27889

8 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.8 2 4 0.4

8. Construct the histogram.
F P()
3.67 1 1/10 = 0.10
5 1 1/10 = 0.10
5.33 2 2/10 = 0.20
5.67 1 1/10 = 0.10
6 1 1/10 = 0.10
6.33 1 1/10 = 0.10
7 1 1/10 = 0.10
7.67 1 1/10 = 0.10
8 1 1/10 = 0.10

3.67 5 5.33 5.67 6 6.33 7 7.67 8

Example 2.
A population consists of the numbers 2, 4, 9, 10 and 5. List all
the possible sample size of 3 from this population and compute
the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the
sample means.
1. Population mean and mean of the sampling distribution
∑
𝝁=𝝁 𝒙 𝜇= 𝑁
𝑋
N 𝑋=2 , 4 , 9 , 10 ,5

𝜇=
∑ 2+4 +9+10+5
5
30
¿ 𝟑Since
𝜇= then 𝝁 𝒙 =𝟑
5
Example 2.
A population consists of the numbers 2, 4, 9, 10 and 5. List all
the possible sample size of 3 from this population and compute
the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the
sample means.
2. Variance of the population mean.
∑ ∑
( )
2 2
2 𝑋 𝑋
𝜎 = −
2 4 𝑁 𝑁

( )
2
4 16 𝜎 =
2 226
−
30
9 81 5 𝝈 5 𝟐 =𝟗
10 100 2
𝜎 = 45 . 2 − ( 6 ) 2

5 25 𝝈 = √ 𝟗.𝟐𝒐𝒓 𝟑.𝟎𝟑
∑ 𝑿=𝟑𝟎 ∑ 𝑿 =𝟐𝟐𝟔𝟐 𝜎 2
= 45 . 2 − 36
Example 2.
A population consists of the numbers 2, 4, 9, 10 and 5. List all
the possible sample size of 3 from this population and compute
the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the
sample means.
3. Variance of the sampling distribution.
𝑁 =5 𝑛=3 𝟐
𝝈 =𝟗 . 𝟐
2 4
4 16 𝝈 𝟐
𝑵 −
𝟐𝒏
𝟐 𝝈 𝒙 = 3 . 06
9 81 𝝈 𝒙=
𝒏
∙
𝑵 − 𝟏
10 100 𝝈 𝟐
𝒙= 𝟏 . 𝟓
5 25 𝟐
𝝈 𝒙=
9 . 2 𝟓− 𝟑
∙
∑ 𝑿=𝟑𝟎 ∑ 𝑿 =𝟐𝟐𝟔
𝟐 3 𝟓
𝝈−𝒙 = √ 𝟏 .𝟓𝟑 𝒐𝒓
𝟏
 ACTIVITY
Answer the following problems. Show your solutions completely,
systematically, and neatly.
1. Consider a population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Suppose
samples of size 3 are drawn from this population. Describe the
sampling distribution of the sample means. What is the mean,
variance, and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the
sample means? Compare these values to the mean and variance of
the population
2. A population consists of the numbers 3, 6, 7, 9 and 10. List all the
possible sample size of 3 from this population and compute the
mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the sample mean.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!