Holy Rosary College of Santa Rosa Laguna, Inc.

Tagapo, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

LEARNING MODULE
School Year 2020-2021

Statistics and Probability

Grade 11
nd
2 Semester
3rd Quarter, Week 5-6
Mark Alexis K. Ferrer
mark.ferrer@hrcsrl.edu.ph

Chapter 2 Random Variable and Its Probability Distribution

Lesson 1 Random Variables
Lesson 2 Probability Distributions of Discrete Random Variables

Lesson Description:
Improvements the world is enjoying today are attributed to the understanding of the
nature of information or data that occurred in any experimental event. These are the
characteristics of certain variable randomly observed as an outcome of an experiment of chance.
Chances occur in many different ways. One of the best examples to describe the experiment of
chance would be the lottery. Each round of drawing a ball from a lottery machine is statistically
independent of the previous rounds. Thus, its corresponding result or outcome may refer as a
random variable of an event. Discoveries of patterns regarding the likelihood of its occurrences
(probability distribution) paved way to forecasting and estimating significant results of related
variables. This chapter set forth to bring about understanding the concepts, learning the
computational skills, and exploring the applications it has to offer.
Lesson Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to
1. Learn a broad view of random variable and its probability distribution;
2. Appreciate the significance of random variable and its probability distribution
3. Apply the concepts of random variable and its probability distribution in any field of interest

Introduction
Basketball is a very famous sport in the country nowadays. Professional basketball teams
scout players from the amateur basketball leagues on either colleges/universities or local
communities. Basketball players are being accepted or draft pick based on their performance in
the game, and other relevant characteristics. If you are the manager of a basketball team, how
would you answer the following inquiries?

1. What information should be obtained to select the player your team needs?
2. How do you count or measure the information needed for making decision?

To begin with, let us consider the following:

An experiment of chance was conducted where the profiles of 7 professional basketball

players during their amateur years are randomly selected.

The following is shown:

HRC Statistics and Probability, Grade 11, Third Quarter Page 1 of 5

 Holy Rosary College of Santa Rosa Laguna, Inc.
Tagapo, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

LEARNING MODULE
School Year 2020-2021

Table 2.1 Profile of professional basketball players during their amateur years

To answer the questions posted, we need to know certain basic concepts:

Element is the source of relevant information or data, i.e. an individual, entity, population
unit.
Variable is the characteristic or property of the element.

Random Variable is a variable being measured to produce numerical observations

associated with the random outcomes of a chance experiment.

Example #1
In tossing a die, the number of times a number 6 appeared is an example of a random variable.

Example #2
Suppose there are 5 marbles in a glass bowl. Each marble is of different colors namely, blue,
green, red, violet, and white. For instance, you are task to pick a marble and it turns out to be a
blue one. Therefore, the blue marble that is picked out is an example of a random variable.

Observations are numerical values associated with measuring the variable.

There are two types of random variables:

1. Discrete Random Variables are random variables where the observed numerical

value are produced by counting and assumes whole numbers only.

2. Continuous Random Variables are random variables where the observed numerical

values are results of measuring and may take on any numbers.
Example:

HRC Statistics and Probability, Grade 11, Third Quarter Page 2 of 5

 Holy Rosary College of Santa Rosa Laguna, Inc.
Tagapo, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

LEARNING MODULE
School Year 2020-2021

Application
Identify whether the given experiment involves a discrete random variable or
continuous random variable.

1) Picking a multiple of 4 less than 1,000,000

2) Checking the monthly expenses of a small business
3) Recording the number of turnovers committed by a basketball team during the games
in a season
4) The temperature in Laguna at noon time
5) The number of phone calls taken by a call center agent in a week

Assessment
Seatwork no 4 will be deployed in your assignment tab in class notebook.

Probability Distribution of Random vVariables

Introduction
EXPERIMENT: ROLLING A DIE
When you roll a die, there are only six possible outcomes corresponding to the six faces
of the die; the numbers 1 to 6. Suppose you roll the die twenty times, there are twenty possible
outcomes. Let us record the results of rolling the die 20 times.
Possible Faces of the Die after each roll (x) Number of times the face appeared [ ( x ) :n ]
1 3
2 7
3 4
4 3
5 2
6 1
1. What is the chance that when a die is rolled, the number 2 will appear? The number 5?
2. How can we show graphically the probability of the occurence of an event?

HRC Statistics and Probability, Grade 11, Third Quarter Page 3 of 5

 Holy Rosary College of Santa Rosa Laguna, Inc.
Tagapo, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

LEARNING MODULE
School Year 2020-2021

Recall that since the data to be obtained by rolling a die are whole numbers from 1 to 6,
the variable is considered discrete random variable.
Let us consider how to describe a discrete random variable.
Since the die is rolled 20 times, the total number of occurrences (N) in the experiment is
20 observations [N = 20].
From the table, the number of times the possible outcome “2” (x = 2) has occured [(x):n]
is 7 or [(2):7].
The chance that a “2” will appear when a die is rolled is the quotient of dividing the
number of occurrences associated to the value [(x):n] by the total number of observations N. This
is also known as the probability of occurrence.
Let us come up with the following table for the die rolling experiment.

From the above, the following observations and analysis can be made:
1. In a discrete probability distribution, the probability values for all its possible
outcomes are greater than or equal to zero. [P(x) ≥ 0] (1st descriptive condition).
2. The sum of the probability values associated to the corresponding outcome is equal to
one   (2nd descriptive condition).
3. The probability mass function is an equation that defines the relationship between an
outcome and its associated probability. 
4. The probability value is the proportion of frequency of occurrences relative to the total
number of occurrences

Application
PREAK ME NOT!

HRC Statistics and Probability, Grade 11, Third Quarter Page 4 of 5

 Holy Rosary College of Santa Rosa Laguna, Inc.
Tagapo, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

LEARNING MODULE
School Year 2020-2021

A laboratory supervision in Type III hospital is investigating number of reported on-

the-job training accidents related to needle stick injuries over a period of one month. Based on
the past records, she has the following records on the needle stick injuries that were recorded:

Needle stick injuries Frequencies Probability P(x)

reported (x)

0 300

1 10

2 1

3 5

4 2

5 1

1. Complete the table.

2. What is the probability distribution of the discrete random variable being considered?

3. How can we determine the probability mass function of the variable?

4. How can we usually represent this distribution with a graph?

Assessment
The teacher will deploy Quiz No. 3 on MS Teams/Assignment

For more example see pages 34-42 of your book, Statistics and Probability.

For further studies go to https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3v9w79NhsfI

HRC Statistics and Probability, Grade 11, Third Quarter Page 5 of 5