STRUCTURE OF AN

ATOM
• 1803- John Dalton
• 1897- J.J
Thompson
• 1909- Ernest
Rutherford
Bohr’s Planetary Model
Electrons Cloud Model
• Locate the atomic number in a periodic table
• Identify the subatomic particles associated with the mass
number
• Determine the number of neutrons from the mass number
• Define an isotope
•Atomic Number
Z
• Atomic Mass

A
Mass Number
Atomic Weight
• Z= p+= e-

• A=p+ + n°
= e- + n°
= z + n°

• n°= A- p+
= A- e-
= A- z
Elemen z A p+ Atomic e- n°
t Weight

Au 79 79 197

Al 13 14

u 238 92
Elemen z A p+ Atomic e- n°
t Weight

Au 79 79 197

Al 13 14

u 238 92
Elemen z A p+ Atomic e- n°
t Weight

Au 79 197 79 197 79 118

Al 13 27 13 27 13 14

u 92 238 92 238 92 146

Octet Rule
• States that elements gain or lose electrons to attain an
electron configuration of the nearest noble gas.
• Refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight
electrons in the valence shell.
Valence Electron

•Outermost electron
Takenote!
•The electrons in the outermost shell are the
VALENCE ELECTRONS which are the
electrons of an atom that can be gained or
lost in a chemical reaction.
ve- charge

1 +1

2 +2

3 +3

4 neutral

5 -3

6 -2

7 -1

8 stable
THE END!