“FORCES”

What is FORCE?

Force is when two bodies interact, like in a simple

push and pull. Note that though a body is capable of
exerting a force, it does not contain a force by itself.
The SI unit of force is Newton (N) or kg · m/s2.

There are many ways to

measure the magnitude
(strength) of a force.
One way is by using a
spring scale, also known
as Newton’s scale.
Force are sometimes classified as either contact or
noncontact forces.

Contact forces occur when the bodies

interacting are touching each other.

Noncontact forces are long-range forces

that can act even if the bodies are separated.
Types of FORCES:

Normal force () is exerted on an object by a

surface which it is contact with. The word
“normal” means that its direction is always
perpendicular to the surface.
Types of FORCES:

Friction () acts parallel to the surface

opposite to the direction of motion of the
body.
Types of FORCES:

Tension () is pulling force exerted by a

stretched rope on an object to which it is
attached.
Types of FORCES:

Weight () is the downward gravitational

force exerted by Earth on an object.
Net force is the vector sum of all the forces that
act on a body. In symbols, it is usually denoted
as or net .
 Sample Problem:
A cat with weight of 50 N falls toward the ground.

50 N, downward
Sample Problem:
An apple with a 1 N weight rests on a table that exerts a
normal force of 1 N.
 Sample Problem:
A 100 N box is pulled by a rope with strength of 200 N at the
angle of 30° across a surface with a 5 N frictional force. The
surface exerts an 80 N normal force.
 
x-component y-component
100 N, down 0 -100
200 N, 30° 200 cos(30°) = 173.21 200 sin(30°) = 100
5 N, opposite -5 0
80 N, up 0 80
 
Sample Problem:
A 100 N box is pulled by a rope with strength of 200 N at the
angle of 30° across a surface with a 5 N frictional force. The
surface exerts an 80 N normal force.
Sample Problem:
A 100 N box is pulled by a rope with strength of 200 N at the angle of 30° across a
surface with a 5 N frictional force. The surface exerts an 80 N normal force.
Sample Problem:
A 100 N box is pulled by a rope with strength of 200 N at the angle of 30° across a
surface with a 5 N frictional force. The surface exerts an 80 N normal force.
FOUR DISTINCT CLASSES OF FUNDAMENTAL FORCES:

Gravitational force – is the interaction of bodies with

masses such as Earth, moon, sun and even non-massive
bodies.
Electromagnetic force – is the interaction between
electrically charged particles such as electron and protons.

Strong Nuclear force & Weak Nuclear force – operate on

the level of the atomic nucleus and manifest in such
phenomena as radioactivity and nuclear energy.