General Physics 1

MODULE Impulse-Momentum Relation, Law of

8 Conservation of Momentum & Collisions

MODULE DURATION: 1 week

In this module, you can discover the concept of

impulse and its equation, and the relationship of
impulse and momentum to each other. You can also
distinguish the two types of collisions and apply the
concept of restitution coefficient in collisions.
Moreover, as you go through with this module, you
will be seeing different problems and scenarios that
can be solved using the aforementioned concepts.

Task to perform:
You will be able to solve using experimental and
theoretical approaches, multiple concept, rich-content problems
involving impulse, momentum, law of conservation of
momentum, and collisions.

At the end of this module, you must be able to:

 Relate the momentum, impulse, force, and time of contact in a system.
 Compare and contrast elastic and inelastic collisions.
 Apply the concept of restitution coefficient in collisions.
 Solve problems involving center of mass, impulse, and momentum in
contexts such as, but not limited to, rocket motion, vehicle collisions, and
ping-pong.

“But those who wait on the Lord shall renew their strength; they shall mount up
with wings like eagles, they shall run and not be weary, they walk and not faint.”
– Isaiah 40:31
 What’s on Your Mind?

Instruction: Observe the three distinct pictures below.

1. What is the common event among the three images? ___________________________________________

2. Can you cite any difference(s) between the three pictures? If yes, state your reason.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

LET’S BEGIN!

IMPULSE
Impulse is the product of the force and the time interval on which the force acts on objects. It is a vector quantity
with the same direction as force. Its SI unit is Newton-second (N·s). It bears the equation of
𝑱 = 𝑭∆𝒕 = 𝑭(𝒕 − 𝒕𝟎 )
𝑣𝑓 −𝑣0 𝑚𝑣−𝑚𝑣0
Let’s recall the second law of motion. It is 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎. Substitute a with ∆𝑡
, making 𝐹 = ∆𝑡
. Hence, force is
∆𝒑
also equal to the change in momentum over the change in time: = . Multiplying time to force, we get the value of the
∆𝒕
impulse which is (𝑭∆𝒕), thus making impulse is equal to momentum. This relationship is stated through “impulse-
momentum theorem”. This theorem asserts that “the momentum of a body is equal to the impulse that accelerated it
from rest to its present velocity.” Thus impulse (J) is equal to momentum (p), in symbol, J = Δp .
The momentum of an object depends on its mass and velocity. An object that has great mass and velocity will
most probably have a large momentum. The larger the momentum of an object, the greater the impact.

Example #1:
A constant force of 50 N is applied to a 20 kg block for 10 seconds. (a) What is the impulse acting on the block?
(b) What is the change in the momentum of the block? (c) What is the final speed of the block if it was originally at rest?
(d) What is the final speed of the block if it was originally moving at 15 m/s?

Sol’n:
a.) To solve for the impulse, use 𝐽 = 𝐹∆𝑡
=(50 N)(10 s) = 500 N·s

b.) To know the change of momentum of the block, use the impulse-momentum theorem.
J = Δp (Due this theorem, we can just change the unit of impulse to kg·m/s)
500 kg·m/s = Δp

c.) To solve for the final velocity from rest, use 𝑝 = 𝑚∆𝑣
𝑝 = 𝑚(𝑣 − 𝑣0 )
500 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚/𝑠 = 20 𝑘𝑔(𝑣 − 0) (v0 is 0 since it came to rest)
𝑚
500 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑠 = 20 𝑘𝑔 (𝑣) (Divide both sides by 20 kg)
𝟐𝟓 𝒎/𝒔 = 𝒗

d.) To solve for final speed of the block if it was originally moving at 15 m/s, use 𝑝 = 𝑚∆𝑣
𝑝 = 𝑚(𝑣 − 𝑣0 )
 500 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚/𝑠 = 20 𝑘𝑔(𝑣 − 15 𝑚/𝑠)
𝑚 𝑚
500 𝑘𝑔 ∙ = 20 𝑘𝑔 (𝑣) − 300 𝑘𝑔 ∙ (Combine like terms)
𝑠 𝑠
𝑚 𝑚
500 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑠
+ 300 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑠
= 20 𝑘𝑔 (𝑣) (Simplify)
𝑚
800 𝑘𝑔 ∙ = 20 𝑘𝑔 (𝑣) (Divide both sides by 20 kg)
𝑠
𝟒𝟎 𝒎/𝒔 = 𝒗

Example #2:
A 0.20 kg ball was the strucked by a baseball bat from rest up to a speed to 35 m/s. The ball was in contact with
the bat for 0.02 seconds. (a) What is the change in momentum of the ball? (b) What was the impulse exerted on the
ball? (c) Calculate the average force exerted on the ball by the bat?
Sol’n:
a.) To solve for the change in momentum of the ball from rest, 𝑝 = 𝑚∆𝑣
= 0.02 𝑘𝑔(35 𝑚/𝑠)
𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟕 𝒌𝒈 ∙ 𝒎/𝒔
b.) To find the impulse exerted on the ball, use the impulse-momentum theorem.
J = Δp (Due this theorem, we can just change the unit of momentum to N·s)
J = 0.7 N·s
c.) To calculate the average force exerted on the ball by the bat, use 𝐽 = 𝐹∆𝑡
𝐽 = 𝐹∆𝑡
0.7 𝑁 · 𝑠 = 𝐹(0.02 𝑠) (Divide both sides by 0.02 s)
𝟑𝟓 𝑵 = 𝑭

Source of Example 1 and 2: https://youtu.be/1WIECGg71WY

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM

Recall from the Newton’s third law of motion that the forces of two objects exert on each form an action-
reaction pair. 𝑭𝑨 = −𝑭𝑩 , these two forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. Hence, the impulses that
act on the two objects are equal and opposite. Correspondingly, the changes in momentum of the two objects
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (∆𝑝
(∆𝑝 ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝐵 ) are equal and opposite.
∆𝑝⃗⃗⃗⃗𝐴 = −∆𝑝 ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝐵
(𝑝⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 )𝐴 = (𝑝 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 )𝐵
Rearranging this equation gives
(𝑝⃗⃗⃗⃗𝐴 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑝𝐵 )𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 = (𝑝 ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝐴 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑝𝐵 )𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝒎𝑨 𝒗𝑨𝟏 + 𝒎𝑩 𝒗𝑩𝟏 = 𝒎𝑨 𝒗𝑨𝟐 + 𝒎𝑩 𝒗𝑩𝟐
This equation shows that the initial total momentum of the system is equal to the final total momentum. So, the
total momentum is constant. This is called the principle of the conservation of momentum and can be stated as follows:
“In the absence of an external force, the total momentum of an isolated system is constant.”

Internal forces are the forces that the particles of a system exert on one another. Forces exerted on any part of the
system by other objects outside the system is called external forces. If there are no external forces acting on a system is
said to be isolated.

Example #1:
A 50 kg students uses an improvised 75 kg raft in order to cross a heavily flooded street. He noticed that as he
jumps to sidewalk opposite to the street with a speed of 1.5 m/s relative to the flood, the raft moves away. With what
speed will the raft move relative to the flood? Assume that the raft is stationary before the student jumps to the
sidewalk. Neglect fluid friction.
Sol’n:
To solve for the velocity, we can use 𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴1 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵1 = 𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴2 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵2 . Let A be the student and B be the
raft. Since before the boy jumps the total initial momentum is zero. So, we can now simplify the equation to 0 =
𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴2 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵2 .
𝑚
0 = (50 𝑘𝑔)(1.5 𝑠 ) + (75 𝑘𝑔)𝑣𝐵2 (Substitute the given values)
0 = 75 𝑘𝑔 · 𝑚/𝑠 + (75 𝑘𝑔)𝑣𝐵2 (Transpose the 75 𝑘𝑔 · 𝑚/𝑠 to the left side)
𝑚
−75 𝑘𝑔 ·𝑠
= (75 𝑘𝑔)𝑣𝐵2 (Divide both sides by 75 kg)
−𝟏. 𝟎 𝒎/𝒔 = 𝒗𝑩𝟐 (The negative sign signifies that the raft is moving opposite to the student’s direction)

Example #2:
A 70 kg astronaut throws a 5 kg ball with a velocity of 20 m/s east. What is the velocity of the astronaut?
Sol’n:
Since it states from rest before the astronaut throws the ball, we can state that the total initial momentum is
zero. So, we have decrease now the equation, 𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴1 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵1 = 𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴2 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵2 , to 0 = 𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴2 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵2
or −𝒎𝑨 𝒗𝑨𝟐 = 𝒎𝑩 𝒗𝑩𝟐 .
Let A be the astronaut and B be the ball, then −𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴2 = 𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵2
−(70 𝑘𝑔)𝑣𝐴2 = (5 𝑘𝑔)(20 𝑚/𝑠) (Simplify)
(−70 𝑘𝑔)𝑣𝐴2 = 100 𝑘𝑔 · 𝑚/𝑠 (Divide both sides by -70 kg)
𝒗𝑨𝟐 = −𝟏. 𝟒𝟑 𝒎/𝒔
(The negative sign signifies that the astronaut is moving opposite to the ball’s direction)

Source of Example #2: https://youtu.be/Fp7D5D8Bqjc

COLLISIONS

Collision occurs when one body comes in contact with another. It is commonly observed in the streets when
vehicles collide with each other or when people bump against each other during rush hour.
Coefficient of Restitution (e) is the negative ratio of the relative velocity of two collide bodies after collision to
the relative velocity before the collision. In equation,
(𝒗𝑨𝟐 − 𝒗𝑩𝟐 )
𝒆=−
(𝒗𝑨𝟏 − 𝒗𝑩𝟏 )
where 𝑣𝐴2 and 𝑣𝐵2 are the velocities of bodies A and B, respectively, after collision and 𝑣𝐴1 and 𝑣𝐵1 are their
velocities before collision. The coefficient of restitution can have a value from 0 to 1, depending on the type of collision.

Types of Collision:
1. Elastic Collision – when the bodies separate after colliding with each other. Both momentum and kinetic energy are
conserved during an elastic collision. The coefficient of restitution is equal to 1. Ex: billiard balls, ideal gasses.

𝒎𝑨 𝒗𝑨𝟏 + 𝒎𝑩 𝒗𝑩𝟏 = 𝒎𝑨 𝒗𝑨𝟐 + 𝒎𝑩 𝒗𝑩𝟐

2. Inelastic Collision – when momentum is conserved but not the kinetic energy. If the interacting bodies stick together
and move as one after collision, the collision is said to be perfectly inelastic. The coefficient of restitution for perfectly
inelastic collision is zero. The coefficient of restitution for inelastic collision is between 0 and 1. Ex: cars crashing, meteor
and planet colliding.
𝒎𝑨 𝒗𝑨𝟏 + 𝒎𝑩 𝒗𝑩𝟏 = (𝒎𝑨 + 𝒎𝑩 )𝒗

Example #1: Two balls A and B are approaching each other with velocities
4.5 m/s and 7.2 m/s, respectively. The mass of ball A is 3.2 kg, while that
of ball B is 5.6 kg. (a) Find the velocity of the two bodies after impact,
assuming that the collision is perfectly inelastic. (b) Find the kinetic
energy lost during collision.
NOTE: Consider “to the right” as positive direction and “to the
left” as the negative direction. Therefore 𝑣𝐴1 is +4.5 m/s and
𝑣𝐴𝐵 is -7.2 m/s.

a.) To solve for the velocity after the impact, use the inelastic collision formula.
Sol’n:
𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴1 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵1 = (𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 )𝑣 (Derive v in this formula)
𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴1 +𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵1
=𝑣 (Divide both sides by 𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 )
𝑚𝐴 +𝑚𝐵
𝑚 𝑚
(3.2 𝑘𝑔)(4.5 )+(5.6 𝑘𝑔)(−7.2 )
𝑠 𝑠
=𝑣 (Simplify the operation)
3.2 𝑘𝑔+5.6 𝑘𝑔
𝑚 𝑚
14.4 𝑘𝑔· +(−40.32 𝑘𝑔· )
𝑠 𝑠
=𝑣 (Subtract then divide)
8.8 𝑘𝑔
−𝟐. 𝟗𝟓 = 𝒗
The negative sign means that the two balls are now moving to the left. This is the same as the direction of ball B,
which has a greater initial momentum than ball A.

b.) To find the kinetic energy lost just simply have the difference between the kinetic energy before and after collision.
Sol’n:
1 1 1 𝑚 2 1 𝑚 2
𝐾𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 2 𝑚𝐴 (𝑣𝐴1 )2 + 2 𝑚𝐵 (𝑣𝐵1 )2 = 2 (3.2 𝑘𝑔) (4.5 𝑠 ) + 2 (5.6 𝑘𝑔) (−7.2 𝑠 ) = 𝟏𝟕𝟕. 𝟓𝟓𝟐 𝐉
1 1 𝑚 2
𝐾𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 = (𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 )𝑣 2 = (3.2 𝑘𝑔 + 5.6 𝑘𝑔) (−2.95 ) = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟐𝟗𝟏 𝐉
2 2 𝑠
𝐾𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝐾𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 − 𝐾𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 177.552 J − 38.291 J = 𝟏𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟔𝟏 𝐉

Example #2: Suppose the collision in Example #1 is elastic. Find (a) how much kinetic energy is lost and (b) how fast each
ball us moving after colliding.

a.) Applying the principle of elastic collision, there is no lost kinetic energy because kinetic energy is conserved during an
elastic collision.

b.) To solve for the speeds of balls A and b after collision, conservation of momentum and the formula for coefficient of
restitution is applied.
Sol’n:
𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴1 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵1 = 𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴2 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵2
𝑚 𝑚
(3.2 𝑘𝑔) (4.5 ) + (5.6 𝑘𝑔) (−7.2 ) = (3.2 𝑘𝑔)𝑣𝐴2 + (5.6 𝑘𝑔)𝑣𝐵2 (Substitute the given)
𝑠 𝑠
−25.92 𝑘𝑔 · 𝑚/𝑠 = (3.2 𝑘𝑔)𝑣𝐴2 + (5.6 𝑘𝑔)𝑣𝐵2 (Simplified form: Equation 1)

For an elastic collision, the coefficient of restitution is equal to 1.

(𝑣𝐴2 − 𝑣𝐵2 )
𝑒=−
(𝑣𝐴1 − 𝑣𝐵1 ) (Substitute the given variables)
(𝑣𝐴2 − 𝑣𝐵2 )
1=− 𝑚 𝑚
[4.5 − (−7.2 )] (Simplify)
𝑠 𝑠
(𝑣𝐴2 − 𝑣𝐵2 )
1=− (Cross multiply)
11.7 𝑚/𝑠
−𝑣𝐴2 + 𝑣𝐵2 = 11.7 𝑚/𝑠 (Transpose 𝑣𝐴2 to the right side)
𝑚
𝑣𝐵2 = 11.7 𝑠 + 𝑣𝐴2 (Equation 2)

Substitute the Equation 2 to Equation 1 to solve for final velocity of ball A:

−25.92 𝑘𝑔 · 𝑚/𝑠 = (3.2 𝑘𝑔)𝑣𝐴2 + (5.6 𝑘𝑔)𝑣𝐵2 (Substitute the value of 𝑣𝐵2 )
𝑚
−25.92 𝑘𝑔 · 𝑚/𝑠 = (3.2 𝑘𝑔)𝑣𝐴2 + (5.6 𝑘𝑔)(11.7 𝑠 + 𝑣𝐴2 ) (Simplify)
𝑚 𝑚
−25.92 𝑘𝑔 · 𝑠
= (3.2 𝑘𝑔)𝑣𝐴2 + 65.52 𝑘𝑔 · 𝑠
+ (5.6 𝑘𝑔)𝑣𝐴2 (Combine like terms)
𝑚 𝑚
−25.92 𝑘𝑔 · 𝑠
− 65.52 𝑘𝑔 · 𝑠
= (3.2 𝑘𝑔)𝑣𝐴2 + (5.6 𝑘𝑔)𝑣𝐴2 (Simplify)
𝑚
− 91.44 𝑘𝑔 · 𝑠
= (8.8 𝑘𝑔)𝑣𝐴2 (Divide both sides by 8.8 kg)

−𝟏𝟎. 𝟑𝟗 𝒎/𝒔 = 𝒗𝑨𝟐

Substitute Equation 2 with the value of 𝑣𝐴2 to solve for final velocity of ball B.
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
𝑣𝐵2 = 11.7 𝑠
+ 𝑣𝐴2 = 11.7 𝑠
+ (−10.39 𝑠 ) = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟏 𝒎/𝒔

This shows that after collision, ball A is moving to the left, while ball B is moving to the right.

Suggested video to watch: https://youtu.be/M2xnGcaaAi4

COLLISION IN MORE THAN ONE DIMENSION

Example #1: A car A of mass 2,500 kg moving at a velocity of 12 m/s towards east collides with car B of mass 3,000 kg
moving at a velocity of 15 m/s toward north. After the crash, the two cars stick together. Both cars were deformed. What
is the velocity of the cars immediately after impact?

Sol’n:
This problems is an example of inelastic collision. Thus, to solve for velocity of the two cars after the crash, we
need to solve by component (x and y) and then solve for the resultant velocity.
For x-component:
𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴1 = (𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 )𝑣𝑥
𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴1
= 𝑣𝑥 (Divide both sides by 𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 )
𝑚𝐴 +𝑚𝐵
𝑚
(2,500 𝑘𝑔)(12 )
𝑠
= 𝑣𝑥 (Simplify the operation)
2,500 𝑘𝑔+3,000 𝑘𝑔
𝑚
30,000 𝑘𝑔·
𝑠
= 𝑣𝑥 (Divide)
5,500 𝑘𝑔
𝟓. 𝟒𝟓 𝒎/𝒔 = 𝒗𝒙

For y-component:
𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵1 = (𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 )𝑣𝑦
𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵1
= 𝑣𝑦 (Divide both sides by 𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 )
𝑚𝐴 +𝑚𝐵
𝑚
(3,000 𝑘𝑔)(15 )
𝑠
= 𝑣𝑦 (Simplify the operation)
2,500 𝑘𝑔+3,000 𝑘𝑔
𝑚
45,000 𝑘𝑔·
𝑠
= 𝑣𝑦 (Divide)
5,500 𝑘𝑔
𝟖. 𝟏𝟖 𝒎/𝒔 = 𝒗𝒚

Solving the velocity of the cars,

𝑚 𝑚 2 𝑚 2 2
𝑣 = √𝑣𝑥2 +𝑣𝑦2 = √(5.45 ) + (8.18 ) = √96.6149 2 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟑 𝒎/𝒔
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
𝑣𝑦 8.18 𝑚/𝑠
𝜃 = tan−1 (𝑣 ) = tan−1 ( 5.45 𝑚/𝑠) = 56.326 𝑜𝑟 56°
𝑥
Thus, after the impact, the two cars move with a velocity of approximately 9.8 m/s, 56° north of east.

Example #2: A billiard ball at rest is strucked by the cue ball of the same mass whose speed is 5.0 m/s. After the collision,
the cue ball goes off at 60° with respect to its original direction of motion and the struck ball goes off 30° with respect to
this direction. What is the final speed of the balls?

Sol’n:
This problem is an example of elastic collision. Thus, we use 𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴1 +
𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵1 = 𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴2 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵2 . Since in the problem, both the cue and the billiard ball
have the same mass, then we can crash out all the mass leaving 𝑣𝐴1 + 𝑣𝐵1 =
𝑣𝐴2 + 𝑣𝐵2 . Let A be the cue and B be the billiard ball.
Let us now solve for the velocity of the two balls by components:

For horizontal or x component:

𝑣𝐴1 + 𝑣𝐵1 = 𝑣𝐴2 + 𝑣𝐵2 (Substitute the given variables)
𝑚
5 𝑠 + 0 = 𝑣𝐴2 cos 60° + 𝑣𝐵2 cos 30° (Simplify)
𝑚
5 𝑠
= 0.5𝑣𝐴2 + 0.87𝑣𝐵2 (Equation 1)

For vertical or y component:

0 = −𝑣𝐴2 sin 60° + 𝑣𝐵2 sin 30° (Simplify)
0 = −0.87𝑣𝐴2 + 0.5𝑣𝐵2 (Solve for 𝑣𝐴2 )
0.87𝑣𝐴2 = 0.5𝑣𝐵2 (Divide 0.87 both sides)
𝑣𝐴2 = 0.57𝑣𝐵2 (Equation 2)

Substituting Equation 2 to Equation 1: Substituting Equation 2:

𝑚
5 𝑠 = 0.5(0.57𝑣𝐵2 ) + 0.87𝑣𝐵2 (Simplify) 𝑣𝐴2 = 0.57𝑣𝐵2
𝑚 𝑚
5 = 0.285𝑣𝐵2 + 0.87𝑣𝐵2 𝑣𝐴2 = 0.57(4.48 )
𝑠 𝑠
𝑚
5𝑠 = 1.155𝑣𝐵2 (Divide both sides by 1.155) 𝒗𝑨𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟓 𝒎/𝒔
𝒎
𝟒. 𝟒𝟖 𝒔 = 𝒗𝑩𝟐

This means that, after the impact, the billiard ball is moving faster than the cue.
 LET’S APPLY!

ASSESSMENT 1: Evaluate Me!

Direction: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Show your solutions on a clean paper.
(5 points each item)
1. A constant force of 100 N is applied to a 10 kg block for 20 seconds.
(a) What is the impulse acting on the block?
A. 1, 000 N·s B. 2, 000 N·s C. 3, 000 N·s D. 4, 000 N·s

(b) What is the change in the momentum of the block?

A. 1, 000 kg·m/s B. 2, 000 kg·m/s C. 3, 000 kg·m/s D. 4, 000 kg·m/s

(c) What is the final speed of the block if it was originally at rest?
A. 200 m/s B. 250 m/s C. 300 m/s D. 350 m/s

(d) What is the final speed of the block if it was originally moving at 50 m/s?
A. 200 m/s B. 250 m/s C. 300 m/s D. 350 m/s

2. A 30 kg boy kicks a 3 kg ball with a velocity of 20 m/s east. What is the velocity of the boy?
A. 1 m/s, west B. -2 m/s, west C. 2 m/s, east D. 2 m/s, west

3. In hockey, a winter sport, two teams compete against each other by trying to maneuver a puck on an icy surface into
the goal using a hockey stick. Consider a 0.150 kg puck initially moving to the right at 2.50 m/s on an icy, frictionless
horizontal surface. If a force of 30.0 N to the right has been applied to the puck for 0.045 s, calculate the final velocity of
the puck. (Hint: Use the impulse-momentum relationship)
A. 9 m/s B. 10.5 m/s C. 11.5 m/s D. 12 m/s

4. A car of mass 2,500 kg moving at 70 km/h, east tries to overtake car be of mass 1,250 kg moving at 60 km/h, east. Car
A collide with car B. The car sticks together after collision. Find their velocity after collision. (Hint: Convert km/h to m/s)
A. 15 m/s B. 16.82 m/s C. 17.5 m/s D. 18.52 m/s

5. A 2.25 kg cue moving with a speed of 1.75 m/s toward the east strikes a stationary (at rest) ball of equal mass. Find
the velocity of the cue after a perfectly elastic collision.
A. 0 m/s B. 1.75 m/s C. 2 m/s D. 4 m/s

ASSESSMENT 2: I Can Do It!

Direction: Solve the following problems below and use the given space or use a clean paper for your solutions.
(10 points each item)
1. A car of mass 2,500 kg and moving at 60 m/s, northeast collides with a 3,800 kg car moving northwest at 80 m/s. Find
the velocity after the collision, assuming that the collision is perfectly inelastic.

2. Ball A rolls off at a speed of 1.2 m/s, east and strikes a second stationary ball B. Ball B is twice as massive as ball A. If
after the collision, ball A is observed to be traveling north at a speed of 0.4 m/s, find the velocity of ball b after the collision.