Lesson:

Biomolecules

OBJECTIVES:
• Discuss the elements present in
biomolecules
• Explain the importance of
nutrition information on food
labels
Biochemistry
- is a branch of both biology and
chemistry.
- is the study of the substances
found in living organisms and of
the chemical reactions underlying
the process of life.
- the chief goal of biochemistry is
to understand the structure and
behavior of biological
molecules.
 BIOMOLECULES
- are organic molecules
produced by living organisms,
which consist mainly of the
elements carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen and nitrogen.
- A wide range of biomolecules
exist, including the large
molecules known as
macromolecules and the small
molecules known as
micromolecules.
Biomolecules are categorized into
four different classes.

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids

They are polymers of repeating units of

smaller molecules called monomer.
These monomers are joined together by
a covalent bond to make various forms
of each organic molecule.
The Four Classes of Biomolecule
BIOMOLECULE ELEMENT CONTENT POLYMER MONOMER

a. Carbohydrate carbon, hydrogen, and Polysaccharide Monosaccharide

oxygen

b. Protein Carbon, hydrogen, Polypeptide Amino Acid

oxygen, nitrogen, and
sulfur
The Four Classes of Biomolecule
The Four Classes of Biomolecule
BIOMOLECULE ELEMENT CONTENT POLYMER MONOMER
c. Lipid Carbon, hydrogen and Triglyceride Glycerol and Fatty Acid
oxygen

d. Nucleic Acid Carbon, hydrogen, DNA/RNA Nucleotide

oxygen, nitrogen, and
phosphorus
Do you read food labels?
Food Label and Nutrition
To replenish the lost energy consumed for
the different activities of the day, you need to
eat food, which is a very important factor for
our body to keep stronger and for us to stay
alive.

What to eat and how much will depend on

what the body needs. Eat well to stay well. To
be well is to be healthy.
Food Label and Nutrition
But when we talk about eating healthy, we mean
eating varieties of food through out the day to get all
the nutrients we need such as carbohydrates,
proteins, vitamins and minerals.

However, nutritional guidelines on dietary

requirements for humans suggest that we eat as much
meat (protein) that our body can afford and avoid
starchy food (carbohydrates).

Now, the guidelines changed, requiring us to cut our

consumption of meat and dairy products and to
consume more grains, fruits and vegetables.
Why do you think food
label is required on
packaged food?
- It is required to help inform the public or
the consumers in making food choices.

- food labels give you the list of nutrition

information, such as fat and protein
content, the ingredients and additives.
Reading food labels is important
for a number of reasons:

• It helps you make food choices

• It informs people with food allergies
• It informs you if it contains additives that
you must avoid
• It helps people to control weight and
improve health.
Though we know that food label
are always present in packaged
food, we sometimes ignore
them… Simply because we do not
understand what is written in food labels.
In looking at food labels…Start
looking at the serving size because all the
information on the label will be based on
that amount.

You will also encounter the terms calories

and percent daily value.

Calorie is the measure of how much

energy a food provides.

Percent daily value shows the amount of

nutrients an average person is required
from eating one serving of the food.
WRAP-UP