VOLLEYBALL

WHAT IS VOLLEYBALL?

• Volleyball is a high energy team sport played by two teams of six

players by a net.
• The sport was originated in 1895 in Holyoke, Massachusettes.
HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL

• Volleyball was developed in 1895 by William G. Morgan, physical

chief of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in
Holyoke, Massachusetts.
• It was structured as an indoor game for representatives who found
the new sport of basketball excessively vivacious.
• He called the game "mintonette,“ until an educator from Springfield
College in Massachusetts saw the volleying thought of play and
proposed the name of "volleyball."
HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL

• Morgan composed the first principles and imprinted in the original

adaptation of the Handbook of the Athletic League of the YMCA North
America (1897).
• The game a little while later exhibited to have tremendous interest for the
two sexual orientations in schools, play zones, the military, and
distinctive relationship in the United States, and it was subsequently
familiar with various countries.
EQUIPMENTS

Volleyball balls.
• volleyball is a ball used to play indoor
volleyball, beach volleyball, or other less
common variations of the sport.
EQUIPMENTS

Volleyball shoes.
• Volleyball shoes may look very similar to
basketball shoes or cross trainers, but under
the surface, they are very different shoes.
• Volleyball shoes consist of a gum rubber
sole material.
EQUIPMENTS

Volleyball uniform.
• The official volleyball uniform is a jersey
and shorts but the standard equipment
players wear include shoes, socks,
kneepads, sweat pants and sweat jacket.
EQUIPMENTS

Volleyball braces, sleeves and pads.

• As the name suggests, they are pads ‌you
wear over the knee to keep it protected from
injuries and bruises while playing
volleyball. A small investment in an
excellent set of knee pads will save you a lot
of anxiety and stress during the game.
EQUIPMENTS

Volleyball net and poles.

• Volleyball nets are a long rectangular net
that is held up between two poles. They are
placed right in the center of the volleyball
court with each team on one side of the net.
The volleyball players must hit the ball
over the net during a rally in order to keep
the ball in play.
EQUIPMENTS

Volleyball penalty cards.

• Penalty cards are most commonly used by
referees or umpires to indicate that a
player has committed an offence. The
official will hold the card above their head
while looking or pointing towards the
player that has committed the offence.
PITCH

The playing court is a rectangle measuring

18m X 9m surrounded by a rectangular free
zone of maximum of 2m and with a space free
from any obstructions to a height of a minimum
surface. The surface must be flat, horizontal and
uniform. For international competitions, only
wooden or synthetic surface is allowed. The
court shall be bounded by lines of 5cm width. A
line 5cm wide shall be drawn across the center
of the playing surface.
PITCH
The axis of the center line divides the playing court
into two equal courts measuring 9m X 9m each. This line
extends beneath the net from side line to side line. On
each court the front zone is limited by the attack line, 3m
parallel to the middle of the center line. Beyond the side
line both attack lines and front zones are considered to be
extended indefinitely. Two lines each 15cm long mark
indefinitely the side limits of the service zone at the end
of each court. They shall be drawn inside the service
zone, 20cm behind and perpendicular to the end line. One
is drawn as an extension of each right side line and the
other is 3m to the left.
PLAYERS

Outside Hitter (aka OH, outside, pin, left side)

• An outside hitter hits and blocks from the left side of the court. Normally, they
also carry the responsibilities of passing and playing defense when they get to the
back row.

Opposite Hitter (aka OPP, pin, right side)

• Opposite hitters earned that title because they are opposite to the strong (left) side
hitter, meaning they hit behind the setter.
PLAYERS

Middle Blocker (aka MB, middle hitter, middle)

• Middle blockers are the team’s best blockers, and they hit mostly fast-tempo sets
from the middle of the court and behind the setter.

Setter (aka S)
• A setter’s primary responsibility is to take the second ball and set it up for one of
the hitters to attack. Often referred to as the quarterback, the setter is the decision
maker of the team and is in charge of leading the offense
PLAYERS
Libero (aka L)
• Liberos wear a jersey of a different color and play in the back row five out the six
rotations, usually subbing in for both middle blockers.
Defensive Specialists (aka DS)
• Much like a libero, a defensive specialist plays in the back row and is responsible
for playing defense and receiving serve.
Serving Specialist (aka SS)
• A serving specialist is a player who subs in just to serve.
VOLLEYBALL OFFICIALS

• Volleyball officials that make up the officiating crew are first referee, second
referee, scorekeeper, assistant scorer, and line judges.
First referee
• The first referee is in charge from the beginning of the match until the end.
• Whatever issues arise during the game, the first referee determines the call and
has the final say.
VOLLEYBALL OFFICIALS

Second referee
• The second referee works to assist the first referee throughout the game.
• The second referee should establish a rapport with the scorekeeper and libero
tracker.
Scorekeeper
• The official scorekeeper keeps track of the score throughout the volleyball game.
VOLLEYBALL OFFICIALS

Assistant scorer
• Notifies any fault with libero replacement.
Line judges
• The line judge's main responsibility is to make signals to help out the referees in
making judgment calls
GAME PLAY

• Matches are played best of five sets. The first four sets are played to 25
points, with the final set being played to 15 points. A team must win a set
by two points. There is no ceiling, so a set continues until one of the teams
gains a two-point advantage.
RALLY POINT SYSTEM

• A Rally Point System is used in the game, and whichever team gains 25 points wins
the set, as long as they lead by 2 points.
• A rally refers to the time between a serve and the end of the play; both teams must
ensure their opponents lose the ball. Whenever a team wins a rally, it gets the point.
• Some rallies are short, while some are long.
• An average rally can take about 5-7 seconds, although sometimes a rally can take less
than a second.
VOLLEYBALL RULES

• There must be only six players on the Volleyball floor at any given time. 3 in the
front row and 3 in the back row.
• Points are made on every serve, called rally-point scoring.
• Players are not allowed to hit the ball twice in succession (a block is not considered
a hit).
• A ball hitting on the boundary line is considered as ‘in’.
• A ball is ‘out’ if it touches the antenna, any of the cables or net outside the antennae,
the floor area completely outside the court, the pole or referee stand, or the ceiling
above a non-playable area.
VOLLEYBALL RULES

• Contacting the ball with any of the player’s body parts is considered legal in
this game.
• It is illegal to throw, hold or catch the ball.
• It is illegal to attack or block a serve from or inside the 10-foot line.
• After the service is done, the front-line players are allowed to switch
positions at the net.
• The matches are made up of sets, the number depends on the level of the
game.
DURATION

• A typical volleyball game played to a best 2-of-3 sets usually takes between
60 and 90 minutes, though there’s no time restriction in a volleyball game.
Each set may take around 20-30 minutes.
• Best 3-of-5 sets are often played at the varsity, college, and international
indoor volleyball levels. The first team to win three sets wins the game.
These games will last anywhere from 90 minutes to around two and a half
hours, including breaks.
TIE-BREAKER METHOD
• Tournament Seeding. Shall be based upon regular-season winning percentage in Conference
competition.
• Two-way Tie. In the case of a two-way tie in the final standings, position in the tournament
bracket shall be determined as follows:
a. Results of head-to-head competition during the regular season.
b. If the two (2) tied teams split their matches during the regular season, a comparison of
the total sets won between the tied teams shall occur to break the tie.
c. If the tied teams have the same won-lost record against all other teams each played an
equal number of times, a comparison of the total sets won against these teams shall be
used to break the tie.
TIE-BREAKER METHOD
• Three or more teams. If a tie still exists, the team having the best winning percentage of
sets between the tied teams shall be declared the higher seed.
a. If three or more teams tie for a position, and all tied teams have played one another
an equal number of times, the team that holds a won-loss advantage in the matches
played against the other tied teams shall receive the higher seed.
b. if the tied teams won-loss record was equal during the regular season, a comparison
of total sets won between the tied teams shall occur to break the tie. If the total
sets won among the tied teams is the same, then a comparison of the point ratio of
the matches played against one another shall be used to break the tie.
BASIC SKILLS

The following are described:

• serving, passing (forearm underhand passing)
Serving is the first weapon that can generate an
immediate point, begin a game, or ignite an offense.
A well-placed serve (whether to a weak passer, at the
setter, at the quick attacker, or to a weak formation) that is
also difficult to pass puts the opponent at a disadvantage
BASIC SKILLS

• setting (overhead passing)

Be sure that players are in the ready position
preparing to execute the proper technique
before the serve and during a rally. The
athlete must face and focus on the oncoming
ball.
BASIC SKILLS

• attack options (hitting/spiking)

Overhead passing or setting is the next
important part of the pass-set-spike
sequence for a successful attack. In fact,
an excellent set from a bad pass can still
result in a “kill”. T
BASIC SKILLS

• blocking (from attack and defend positions)

There are several attack options that can
be effectively performed in a game. An
attacker should be able to hit the following:
shots off the block (using the hands), high
sets, low sets, sets off the net, offspeed shots,
tipping, and a variation of play sets including
back court hitting options.
BASIC SKILLS

• defensive skills (rolling & sliding)

When the ball does not come directly at an
athlete, it may be impossible to play the ball from a
regular underhand passing standing position. The
athlete still focuses on the ball and takes a step with
the near foot in the direction of the oncoming ball.
THANK YOU!