Road Accident Analysis using Q-GIS and Road

Safety Auditing
-FAZIL FAYAZ 1DS20CV414
-ASHRAF HUSSAIN
1DS19CV019
-BHARATH REDDY E 1DS19CV023
-ABDULLAH RAZA
1DS19CV004

GUIDE
Prof. RESHMA E.K
 INTRODUCTION

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) more than 1.2 million people die a year in road
accidents. This framework leads us to conclude that some measures should be taken in order to reduce the
high rates of deaths. As such, it is very important to know and map the areas where such accidents usually
happens.
HOTSPOT ANALYSIS :
Hotspot analysis is a spatial analysis and mapping technique interested in the identification of clustering of
spatial phenomena. These spatial phenomena are depicted as points in a map and refer to locations of events or
objects.
ROAD SAFETY AUDIT :
A road safety audit (RSA) is defined as "the formal safety performance examination of an existing or future
road or intersection by an independent, multidisciplinary team. It qualitatively estimates and reports on
potential road safety issues and identifies opportunities for improvements in safety for all road users.
Objective
 Identification of the blackspots , analysis of accidents using Q-GIS and
Prioritize hazardous locations based on accident analysis

 To conduct road safety audit, to study impact of highway geometrics on

road accidents
Methodology: Accident analysis using Q-GIS:
LITERATURE REVIEW

STUDY AREA

DATA COLLECTION

ACCIDENT DATA

Q-GIS ANALYSIS

Prioritization of accident prone zone

Accident data sheet’s plotted with graphs

 Methodology:
 Accident Data from Police Stations:
Accident data are collected from various police stations near the study area corridor, the whole and sole
custodians of the record

 Q-GIS Analysis:
Accident hotspots analysis is to identify and generate the information needed to assist the decision makers in
adopting suitable measures to prevent and to reduce the accident happenings . Prediction of spatial pattern of
traffic accidents by using actual field data and Geographical Information System (GIS) is relatively recent and
the results are well correlatable with the real conditions.
 INTRODUCTION TO Q- GIS SOFTWARE WITH USES IN TRANNSPORTATION ENGINEERING

Q-GIS :-Geographic information systems is a computer system used in highway

maintenance, accident analysis, route planning, environmental assessment, and transport
safety as well as construction management.
USES
1. Highway maintenance
2. Accident Analysis
3. Traffic Modeling
4. Route planning
5.  Environmental Impact Assessment
6. Transport safety management
Methodology: Road Safety Audit
Literature Review Study Area Data Collection

Silent feature of road geometrics like design

data , carriage way , shoulder width ,etc.

Analysis of data

Safety provisions adopted

Suggestion for improvement

 Safety Audit Analysis:

• Analysis of geometric feature of road with safety instrumentation ,proper

signalling
• Board for safety auditing and suggestion for provision or improvement of road
safety instrumentation or traffic and geometric feature of road.
• The present study ,checklist has been prepared with reference to IRC: SP : 88
2019.
• This checklist cover road geometry, road condition, pedestrian facility, traffic
control system in the road stretch.
Google Map
Images:
Raw Data
ACCIDENT DATA WITH LAT LONG INFO
GEO-REFRENCING POINTS:
GEO-REFRENCED MAP:
DIGITIZED ROAD NETWORK:
Digitized Map with Accident Data Points
Heat Map with Black Spots from the Accident Data

Severity
Priortization zones as per Accidents from the Heat Map

Least Accident Prone Areas

Average Accident Prone Areas

Highest Accident Prone

Areas( Blackspot )
 Accident Data of Whole Bangalore city
Year Fatal Non - Fatal Total
2017 609 4455 5064
2018 661 3950 4611
2019 744 3944 4688
Chart Title
2020 622 2614 3236
6000

2021 618 2593 3211 5000

2022 777 3235 3827

No of Accidents
4000

3000

2000

1000

0
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Year

Fatal Non - Fatal

 Contribution of the Area under Study to the Accident of
Whole Bangalore City

• Total Accidents in Bangalore (2017-2022) = 24637

• Total Accidents of Study Area(2017-2022) = 289
• Contribution of Study Area to the Accident = 1.173%
Across the Bangalore City(2017-2022)

• Total No Fatal Accidents in Whole Bangalore = 4031 • Total No Non Fatal Accidents in Whole Bangalore = 20791
City(2017-2022) City(2017-2022)

• Total No Fatal Accidents of Study Area = 17 • Total No Non Fatal Accidents of Study Area = 272
(2017-2022) (2017-2022)

• Contribution of Fatal Accidents of Study Area = 0.42% • Contribution of Non Fatal Accidents of =
to the Whole Bangalore City(2017-2022) 1.308%
Study Area to the Whole Bangalore City(2017-2022)
 Causes of Accidents
 Improper signalization and signs
 Over speeding of vehicles especially 2 wheelers
 Poor drainage condition which makes it slippery during rain.
 Effect of weekends (as max accidents as per data are during weekends)
 Drink and Drive
 Carelessness of drivers (Using of mobiles etc.)
 Less width of road With no divider and conjunction of footpath
 Potholes
Suggestions Based on Observations Done at Blackspots

 Proper signalisation at junctions and proper sign boards and the black
spots can help reducing the accidents.
 Strictly imposing of traffic rules.
 Keeping of speed limitations at the black spots.
 Increasing of the width at some places with proper dimensions and
divider.
 Filling of Potholes.
 Provide adequate drainage system.
 Provide Spreate busbase.
 Conclusion
• The result of this work shows us most accident prone zones under the study area.
• Q-GIS spatial analysis is used to find the hotspots prioritize the areas accordingly
by creating heat maps (kernal density analysis).
• The study makes out the contribution of the accidents to whole Bangalore city
which has been represented using bar chart. According to the study the most
accident prone location (Black spots) are kedernahalli junction,
and most of the accidents observed are of 2 wheelers.
• The main causes are over speeding, lack of signals and sign bords ,width of road
etc, which have been discussed earlier and more accidents are observed during
weekend.
• This analysis helps us finding and taking into consideration precautions and
developing suitable counter-measures for identified hot spot zones.
GOOGLE EARTH IMAGES OF BANGLORE MYSORE EXPRESS WAY:
 Sl Publication
Title Of The Paper Journal Name Authors Inference
No. s
1. GIS-Based spatial May 2017 Journal of traffic and Gholam Ali Main purpose of this study is to
analysis of urban transportation Shafabakhsh, examine the distribution of accident
traffic accidents: Engineering Afshin Famili, through identification of hotspots
Case study in Md Sadegh using GIS spatial statistics
Mashhad, Iran Bahadori

2. Identification and Mar 2013 International Leni Stephen, Prioritization of accident prone area
analysis of accident research journal of K.S.Sreelakshmi, based on black spot identification in
black spots using Engineering and Vishnu N.B Ola metric analysis of road for a
GIS technology stretch of 14km from Pulluvaz to
vellookkunnam (kerela) suggestion of
remedial measures

3. Spatio-Temporal July 2011 International V. Prasanna Predictive zonation and analysis can
Clustering of road conference: spatial Kumar, help to identify vulnerable location
accidents: GIS thinking and H. Vijith, and zone that required remedial
based analysis and geographic R. Charutha measure
assessment information science
 Sl Publicati
Title Of The Paper Journal Name Authors Inference
No. ons
4. Analysis of vehicle Dec International Muhammad Babar To convert the raw textual data into
accidents using 2019 Journal of Ali Rabbani numerical value in order to identify the
spatio-temporal engineering works highest frequency accident spot in
tools in ArcGIS: A Hayabata area. Hotspots are mostly
case study of clustered at roundabouts in Hayabata
Hayatabad,
Peshawar

5. Accident mapping Oct International Nilesh Deshpande, Proper analysis of accident related data
and analysis using 2011 Journal of earth Ishan chanda, is needed to identify accident prone
geographical science and Srinivas S. location
information system engineering Arkatkar

6. Geographical May Accident analysis Saffet Erdogan, Based on examination traffic accident
information system 2007 and prevention 40 Ibrahim Yilmaz, frequencies on daily basis Friday
aided traffic (2008) Tamer Baybura Saturday Sunday were higher than
accident analysis other days this show effect of weekend
system case study: trips accident on the high accident rate
city of
Afyonkarahisar
 Sl Title Of The Publicatio
No. Paper ns Journal Name Authors Inference

7. Comparison of 2006 Journal of maps, Tessa Anderson The use of kernel density estimation
spatial methods 2006, 55-63 of determining road accident
for measuring hotspots is dependent on intended
road accident outcome. If the intention is to use
‘hotspots’: a case only road accident data for the
study of London analysis of hotspots, then other
methods be more suitable
8. Applying GIS to July 2016 World conference MD Ali Aghajani, Number of accidents in province with
identify the on transport Reza Shahni, mountainous climate and rainfalls of
spatial and research – 2016 Dezfoulian more than 500mm is high. Hotspot
temporal Shanghai analysis shows that these regions
patterns of road have cluster concentration but with
accidents using lower weights
spatial statistics

9. Road safety audit May 2013 International Devang G. Patel, Identification of accident prone
of selected Journal of Science F.S Umrigar, locations, black spots and causes of
stretch from and Modern C.B Mishra accident on study SH83 and SH188
Umreth junction Engineering Gujarat and suggestion of safety audit
to Vasad junction measures to bring down accident rate
 Sl Title Of The Publicatio
No. Paper ns Journal Name Authors Inference

10. Evaluating road Sep 2015 Transportation Hugo The aim of this case study is to
safety audit planning and pietrantonion and identifying alternative conceptual or
procedure: some technology, 2015 Lili L Bornsztein practical features that can contribute
questions and a to the effectiveness of the
new methods of procedure.
study

11. Road safety audit 2007 Transportation Kohinoor Kar and Pre-audit coordination with the road
Findings from Research Record Michael R. agency that requested the RSA can
Successful 2182 Blankenship help identify issues, which in turn can
Applications in guide selection of appropriate
Arizona members for the team

12. Road safety audit- June 2005 Transport-2005 VOL Alvydas Pikunas To write road safety audit explicitly
possibility to avoid XX, No5, 181-185 and Vidmantas into national road safety strategy.
a dangerous road Pumputis
section
 Sl Title Of The Publicati Journal Name Authors Inference
No. Paper ons

• 13 Road safety audit: 2018 International Journal of Tummala Bharat Identification of design
. a case study on an engineering and Kumar, imperfections, accident prone regions
NH-65 technology Chukkapalli on highway, geometric and traffic
Jeswanth study of case study area of
Chowdary Bhavanipuram, Vijayawad, Andhra
Pradesh
14. GIS based road Oct International Journal of Mazhar Sayed, Method of road safety audit can be
safety audit 2013 science engineering Sumedh Mhaske made more effective and precise by
and research(IJSER) using GIS and Rs technologies .It
helped road auditors to analyse all
layer segment simultaneously

15. Road safety audit Sep 12th International Yuha Huvarinen Audit me present about 27.1
2016 Conference percentage of accident . The
“organization and prevention of such significant cost of
Traffic Safety the community multiply justifies the
management in large coast required for the safety audit
cities “ performance and implementation of
the auditor proposals
 Journal Name Authors Inference
No. Paper ations

16. Road traffic July World Conference on Sanjay Kumar The analysis shows that the distribution
accident issues 2016 Transport Research - WCTR Singh* of road accidental deaths and injuries in
and challenges 2016 Shanghai. 10-15 July India varies according to age, gender,
2016 month and time. It is found that the
economically active age group is the
most vulnerable population group. In
general, males face higher fatality and
accident risk than their female
counterparts.
17. Development of Oct XIV International Alexander Method of road safety audit can be
approach to 2020 Conference 2020 SPbGASU Novikovа , made more effective and precise by
reduce number “Organization and safety of Anastasia using GIS and Rs technologies .It helped
of accidents traffic in large cities” Shevtsovab* , road auditors to analyse all layer
caused by Victoria Vasilievaа segment simultaneously
drivers
18. Investigation of July World Conference on Yannis George a,* , The aim of the present study is the
road accident 2016 Transport Research - WCTR Theofilatos investigation of road accident severity
severity per 2016 Shanghai. 10-15 July Athanasios a , per vehicle type. For that reason, a
vehicle type 2016 Pispiringos George a dataset consisting of 59,316 recorded
accidents in Greece was analyzed and
mathematical models were developed
by applying lognormal regression. In
those accidents 107,679 injured persons
were involved.
LIST OF REFERENCE:
•“GIS-Based spatial analysis of urban traffic accidents: Case study in Mashhad”, IranMay 2017,”Journal of traffic and transportation Engineering”-
Gholam Ali Shafabakhsh,Afshin Famili, Md Sadegh Bahadori
•“Identification and analysis of accident black spots using GIS”Mar 2013”International research journal of Engineering and technology “-Leni
Stephen, K.S.Sreelakshmi,Vishnu N.B
•“Spatio-Temporal Clustering of road accidents: GIS based analysis and assessment”July 2011“International conference: spatial thinking and
geographic information science”-V. PrasannaKumar,H. Vijith,R. Charutha
•“Analysis of vehicle accidents using spatio-temporal tools in ArcGIS: A case study of Hayatabad, Peshawar”Dec 2019”International Journal of
engineering works”-Muhammad Babar Ali Rabbani
•“Accident mapping and analysis using geographical information system”Oct 2011”International Journal of earth science and engineering”-Nilesh
Deshpande, Ishan chanda, Srinivas S. Arkatkar
•“Geographical information system aided traffic accident analysis system case study: city of Afyonkarahisar”May 2007”Accident analysis and
prevention 40 (2008)”-Saffet Erdogan, Ibrahim Yilmaz,Tamer Baybura
•“Comparison of spatial methods for measuring road accident ‘hotspots’: a case study of London”2006”Journal of maps, 2006, 55-63”-Tessa
Anderson
•“Applying GIS to identify the spatial and temporal patterns of road accidents using spatial statistics”July 2016”World conference on transport
research – 2016 Shanghai “-MD Ali Aghajani,Reza Shahni, Dezfoulian
•“Road safety audit of selected stretch from Umreth junction to Vasad junction”May 2013”International Journal of Science and Modern
Engineering”-Devang G. Patel,F.S Umrigar,C.B Mishra
LIST OF REFERENCE:
•“Evaluating road safety audit procedure: some questions and a new methods of study”Sep 2015”Transportation planning and technology,
2015”-Hugo pietrantonion , Lili L Bornsztein
•“Road safety audit :Findings from Successful Applications in Arizona”2007”Transportation Research Record 2182”-Kohinoor Kar and Michael
R. Blankenship
•“Road safety audit- possibility to avoid a dangerous road section”June 2005”Transport-2005 VOL XX, No5, 181-185”-Alvydas Pikunas and
Vidmantas Pumputis
•“Road safety audit: a case study on an NH-65”2018”International Journal of engineering and technology”-Tummala Bharat
Kumar,Chukkapalli Jeswanth Chowdary
•“GIS based road safety audit”Oct 2013”International Journal of science engineering and research(IJSER)”-Mazhar Sayed, Sumedh Mhaske
•“Road safety audit”Sep 2016”12th International Conference “organization and Traffic Safety management in large cities “”-Yuha Huvarinen
•” Road traffic accident issues and challenges ” July 2016 ” World Conference on Transport Research - WCTR 2016 Shanghai. 10-15 July 2016 ” ”
Sanjay Kumar Singh ”
•Investigation of road accident severity per vehicle type July 2016 World Conference on Transport Research - WCTR 2016 Shanghai. 10-15 July
2016 Yannis George , Theofilatos Athanasios a , Pispiringos George a
•Development of approach to reduce number of accidents caused by drivers Oct 2020 XIV International Conference 2020 SPbGASU “Organization and safety of traffic in large
cities” Alexander Novikovа , Anastasia Shevtsovab* , Victoria Vasilievaа
 TIME LINE
WORK TIME

Literature Review Nov

Study Area Dec

Data Collection Feb

Hotspot analysis using Q-GIS March

Road Safety Auditing April

Report Preparation June