Leading

DK Sunjaya
 Leading
• Influencing people so that they will contribute to
organizational and group goals
• influencing others to understand and agree about what
needs to be done in order to achieve the desired results
established for a program or project and facilitating the
individual and collective contributions of others to
achievement of the desired results
• Leadership is the process through which
an individual attempts to intentionally
influence another individual or a group in
order to accomplish a goal.
• Art or process of influencing people so
they will strive willingly and
enthusiastically toward achievement of
group goal
• ability to get men/women to do what they
don’t like to do and like it (H Truman)
• Leadership and motivation are closely
interconnected
Motivation
• A general term applying to the
entire class of drives, desires,
needs, wishes, and similar
forces

• motivation is an internal drive

that stimulates behavior
intended to satisfy an unmet
need
Framework of employee motivation
Need Deficiency

Determination of Search for ways

future needs and search to satisfy unmet needs
or choice for satisfaction

Evaluation of Choice of alternatives

need satisfaction after to satisfy unmet needs
Implementing alternatives
Motivation Theories
• Content Perspectives
Theory that focus on needs and need deficiencies
• Process Perspectives
Focus based on Process involved in motivation
Content Perspectives
• Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
• ERG Theory
• Two Factor Theory
• Learned Need Theory
Comparison of need theories of motivation
Herzberg’s McClelland’s
Maslow ’S Alderfer’s
Model Model
Model Model

Motivation factors
Achievement
Self Actualization Growth Recognition Achievement
needs Advancement
Needs The Work itself
Possibility
Ego and for personal growth
self esteem needs Relatedness REsposibility Power
Needs
Status
Social and Company policy &

Hygiene Factors
belongingness needs administration Affiliation
Quality of supervision
Relations with supervisor
Safety and security Existence Relations with peers
needs Needs Relations with subordinate
Salary
Job Security
Personal Life
Physiological needs
Working Cond
Process Perspectives
• Equity Theory
• Expectancy Theory (Vrooms)
• Reinforcement Theory (Skinner)
• Goal Setting (MBO)
 Motivational Problems & Solutions

Inadequate
performance definition Behavior Modification

Impediments (obstacle)
-Pay For Performance
to employee -Enhanced Achievement
performance

Inadequate
Well Defined
performance-reward
linkages Performance Standard
Special techniques
• Money
 minimum standard of living
• Rewards
• Intrinsic : a feeling of accomplishment and
self actualization
• Extrinsic : benefits, recognizion, status
symbols, money
• Participation
• Quality of working life
• Job enrichment : building into jobs a
sense of challenge and achievement
Communication :
• Transfer of information from a
sender to a receiver, with the
information being understood by
the receiver
Communication process model

feedback

Transmission
Thought encoding Reception Decoding Understanding
Of message

Noise
Communication flow in the organization :
• Upward
• Down ward
• Horizontal
• Diagonal

Communication :
• Written
• Oral
• verbal
Improving communication :
• Clarify the purpose of the message
• Use intelligible encoding
• Consult other’s view
• Consider receiver needs
• Use appropriate tone and
language and ensure credibility
• Get feedback
• Consider receivers’ emotions and
motivations
• Listen