Electrical

Machines
B.Sc. Energy Systems
Engineering

DC Motor Fundamentals

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Learning Objectives
Numerical problems about:
• Losses
• BHP
• Pm
• Torque
• Speed
• Efficiency
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Problem # 1
A 200 V dc shunt motor takes a total current of 100
A and runs at 750 RPM. The resistance of the
armature winding and of shunt field winding is 0.1
and 40 Ω respectively. Friction and windage losses
are 1500 W.
Calculate the following parameters:
a) Torque developed by the armature?
b) Copper losses?
c) Shaft power?
d) Shaft torque?
e) Efficiency?
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Solution
a) Ta = 9.55 x Eb Ia / N? Ia? , Eb?
Voltage applied across the motor = V = 200 V
Resistance of the shunt field winding = 40 ohms
Shunt field current = I SH = 200 /40 = 5 A
Total current drawn by motor = 100 A
Armature current = I a = 100 – 5 = 95 A
Armature resistance = R a = 0.1 ohms
E b = V – Ia Ra = 200 – 95 x 0.1 = 190.5 V Pm =
Eb Ia = 190.5 x 95 = 18097.5 W
Ta = 9.55 x Eb Ia / N = 9.55 x 18097.5 / 750
= 230.44 N-m
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b) Total Copper Losses?
E b = V – Ia Ra
Eb Ia = V Ia - Ia2 Ra
Ia2 Ra = V Ia – Eb Ia = 200 x 95 - 18097.5
= 902.5 W
Field copper loses = I2 SH R SH = 52 x 40 = 1000 W [Also
PSH=VI SH ]
Copper loss = arm. copper loss + field cu. loss
= 902.5 + 1000 = 1902.5 W

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c) Shaft power?
Shaft power = Pm – P F & R = Eb Ia - P F & R
= 18097.5 W–1500 W = 16597.5 W
OR
Shaft power = Input – P cu, total – P friction & iron

=VI – P cu, total – P

friction & iron
= 200 x 100 – 1902.5 – 1500
= 16597.5 W

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d) Shaft torque = T SH = 9.55 x P sh / N
= 9.55 x 16597.5 / 750
= 211.34 N-m
Efficiency = P sh x 100 / input
= 16597.5 x 100 / 20000
= 82.99 %

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Problem # 2
A 4-pole, 220 V lap connected dc shunt motor
delivers 12 KW. It runs at a speed of 1000 RPM and
draws armature and field 60 A and 2 A respectively.
The total number of armature conductors is 500
and armature resistance is 0.12 Ω. Assume that
contact drop is 1 V per brush.
Calculate the following:
a) Total torque?
b) Useful torque?
c) Useful flux per pole?
d) Rotational losses?
e) Efficiency?

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Solution
a) Total torque = 9.55 x Eb Ia / N?
E b = V – Ia Ra – voltage drop per brush
= 220 – 60 x 0.12 – 1x2
= 210.8 V
Total torque = 9.55 x Eb Ia / N
= 120.79 N-m
b) Useful torque = T SH = 9.55 x op power / N
= 9.55 x 12000 / 1000
= 114.6 N-m
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C) Useful flux per pole?
E b = NΦPZ / 60 A
Φ = 60 E b A / NPZ
E b = 210.8 V (calculated above)
Φ = 60 EbA /NPZ = 0.0253 Web
[A = parallel paths for lap winding = 4]
d) Rotational losses?
Rotational losses = Mech. power developed – Output
= E b I a – 12000
= 210.8 x 60 – 12000 = 648 W
e) Efficiency? Efficiency = output / input
Output = 12 KW, Input = VI = 220 x (60+2) = 13640 W
Efficiency = 87.98 %
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Problem # 3
A 230 V dc shunt motor takes 5 A at no-load when
running at 700 RPM. The field resistance is 100 Ω.
The resistance of the armature at standstill gives a
drop of 6 V across armature terminals when 10 A
were passed through it. The normal input of the
motor is 8 KW.
Calculate the following:
a) Full-load speed?
b) Armature torque?
c) Efficiency?
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At no-load
I NL= 5 A, NNL=700 RPM, E b, NL =?
N. L. input = Total no-load losses = V I = 230 x 5 = 1150 W
I SH = 230 / 100 = 2.3 A
Ra = 6 V / 10 A = 0.6 ohms
I a, NL = 5+ 2.3 = 2.7 A
N.L. Arm. Cu loss = I2 a, NL Ra = 2.7 2 x 0.6 = 4.374 W Constant
losses = I/P – arm. Cu losses
= V I – armature copper loss
= 230 x 5 – 4.374 = 1145.626 W
E b, NL = V - I a, NL Ra = 230 – 2.7 x 0.6 =
228.38 V
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At Full-Load
I FL = input power / input voltage = 8000 / 230 = 34.8 A
I a = I FL - I SH = 34.8 – 2.3 = 32.5 A
F.L. Arm. Cu Loss = I2 a Ra = 32.52 x 0.6 = 633.75 W
E b, FL = V – Ia Ra = 230 – 32.5 x 0.6 = 210.5 V
a) Full-load speed?
E b, FL / E b, NL = N, FL / N, NL
N, FL = E b, FL / E b, NL x N, NL = 210.5 x 700 / 228.38 = 645 RPM
b) Armature torque ?
Ta = 9.55 x Eb Ia / N = 9.55 x 210.5 x 32.5 / 645 = 101.3 N-m
c) F.L. Efficiency?
F.L. losses = F.L. copper losses + Constant losses = 1779.376 W
F.L. output = F. L. input – F. L. losses = 6220.624
W Efficiency = output/input
= 6220.624 x 100 / 8000 = 77.76 %
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Problem # 4
A 4-pole, 230 V series motor has a wave-
connected armature with 1260 conductors. The
flux per pole is 20 m Web when the motor is
taking 50 A. Iron and friction losses amount to 1
KW. Armature resistance is 0.2 Ω and series field
resistance is 0.2 Ω.
Calculate the following:
a) Speed?
b) B.H.P?
c) Shaft torque?
d) Efficiency?
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Solution:
a) Speed?
E b = NΦPZ / 60 A N
= 60 A Eb / ΦPZ
E b = V – Ia (Ra + RSE)
= 230 – 50 (0.2 + 0.2)
= 210 V
N = 60 A Eb / ΦPZ
= 60 x 2 x 210 /
0.02 x 4x 1260
= 250 RPM 15
b) B.H.P?
B.H.P = Motor output / 746 Motor
O/P = Pm– P f & W
= Eb I a – 1 KW
= 210 x 50 – 1000 = 9500
W
B.H.P = 9500 / 746 = 12.73 B.H.P
c) Shaft torque?
Shaft torque = 9.55 x Pout / N
=9.55 x 9500 / 250=
362.9 N-m
d) Efficiency?
Efficiency = 9500 x 100 / 230 x 50 = 16
Problem # 5

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Problem # 9
An armature of a 6 - pole machine 75 cm in
diameter has 664 conductors each having an
affective length of 30 cm and carrying a current
of 100 A. If 70% of total conductors
simultaneously in the lie field of average
flux
density of 0.85 Wb/m3 , then calculate
the following:
a) Armature torque?
b) Horse power output at 250 r.p.m?
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Problem # 10
A 240 V, 4-pole shunt motor running at 100
r.p.m gives 15 H.P. with an armature current of
50 A and field current of 1 A. Armature winding
is wave-connected and has 540 conductors.
Armature resistance is 0.1Ω and the drop at
each brush is 1V.
Find the following:
a) Useful torque?
b) Total torque?
c) Useful flux per pole?
d) Iron and friction losses?
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