Assignment.

Course: Electrical Machines

Topic(s): DC Machines
1. Under no-load a DC shunt machine draws 4 A from a 250 V DC source. R a = 0.5Ω;
R f = 250Ω. Find the efficiency of this machine as a generator when IL = 25 A at a
terminal voltage of Vt = 250V.
(a) 92.6 %
(b) 82.4 %
(c) 84.3 %
(d) 80.1 %
Solution: (Answer :b)

Under No-Load:
V = 250 V, IL = Ia + I f = 4 A, R a = 0.5Ω, R f = 250Ω
I f = V/R f = 250/250 = 1 A
Ia = I L − I f = 3 A
Eb = V − Ia R a = 248.5 V
Rotational losses + armature core losses= Eb Ia = 745.5 W
As a Generator:
Output power, P0 = Vt × IL = 25 × 250 = 6250 W
250
Ia = IL + I f = 25 + = 26 A
250
Total losses= Ia2 R a + Vf I f + 745.5 = 262 × 0.5 + 250 × 1 + 745.5 = 1333.5 W
Output
Efficiency, η = × 100 = 82.4%
Output + losses

2. A dc series motor with an unsaturated magnetic circuit and having negligible re-
sistance, when running at a certain speed on a given load, takes 20 A at 220 V. If
the load torque varies as the cube of the speed, find the resistance necessary to
reduce the speed by 60%.
(a) 16 Ω
(b) 23 Ω
(c) 39 Ω

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 (d) 28 Ω
Solution: (Answer :c)
Voltage, V = 220 V
Armature and field resistances are negligible
Torque, T ∝ ω 3
For a unsaturated DC series motor, T ∝ I 2
let the initial speed be ω1 ,
Speed is reduced by 60%, therefore final speed, = 0.4ω1

T1 ω13 I12
= =
T2 (0.4ω1 )3 I22
Current,I2 = 5.0596 A
Eb = Kφω = K 0 Iω
Initial back emf, Eb1 = 220 V = K 0 × 20 × ω1
K 0 ω1 = 11
Eb2 = V − I2 Rext = 220 − 5.0596 × Rext = K 0 × 5.0596 × 0.4ω1
Therefore, Rext = 39 Ω

For questions 3& 4

A 44.76 kW, 250 V, 4-pole, lap-connected D.C. shunt motor has 30 slots with 12
conductors/slot. The armature and shunt field resistances are 0.06 Ω and 100 Ω
respectively. The flux/pole is 0.03 Wb. If the full load efficiency is 88 %.

3. The speed of the motor at full load is :

(a) 138.43 rad/s
(b) 130.58 rad/s
(c) 125.92 rad/s
(d) None of these
Solution: (Answer :a)

Power, P0 = 44.76 × 103 W

No. of poles, P = 4
Voltage, V = 250 V
For lap connected machine, P = A
No. of slots, S = 30
No. of conductors/slot, = 12
Armature resistance, R a = 0.06Ω

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 Shunt resistance, Rsh = 100Ω
Flux, φ = 0.03 wb
Full load efficiency, η = 88 %
Input power, Pi = P0 /η = 50.86 × 103 W
Current, IL = Pi /V = 203.45 A
V
Field current, Ish = = 2.5 A
Rsh
Armature current, Ia = IL − Ish = 200.95 A
Back emf, Eb = V − Ia R a = 237.943 V
No. of coils, n = (S × No.o f conductors/slot)/2 = 180
Pn
Eb = φω = 237.943 V
πA

Therefore, Speed, ω = 138.43 rad/s

4. The useful toque at shaft at full load condition will be,

(a) 323.3 N-m
(b) 300.5 N-m
(c) 352.4 N-m
(d) None of the above.
Solution: (Answer :a)
From question (4), Speed, ω = 138.43 rad/s
P0
Useful toque at shaft at full load, Tsh = = 323.3 N − m
ω

For questions 5 to 8
A 240V unsaturated shunt motor has an armature resistance (including brushes
and inter-poles) of 0.04 Ω and field resistance of 100 Ω.

5. Find what resistance must be added to the field circuit to increase the speed from
1200 to 1500 rev per min, when the supply current is 200A.
(a) 30 Ω
(b) 32 Ω
(c) 33 Ω
(d) None of the above.
Solution: (Answer :d)
Voltage, V = 240 V
Armature resistance, R a = 0.04 Ω

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 Field resistance, Rsh = 100 Ω
Current,IL = 200 A
V
Field current, I f = = 2.4 A
Rsh
Armature current, Ia = IL − I f = 197.6 A
Back emf, Eb = V − Ia R a = 232.096 V
Eb = Kφω
Machine is unsaturated, therefore, φ ∝ I f
Eb = K 0 I f ω
Therefore, K 0 = 0.0806

At ω1 = 1500 rpm
Back emf, Eb1 = V − ( IL − I f 1 ) R a = Kφ1 ω1 V
Eb 232.096 2.4 × 1200
= =
Eb1 (240 − (200 − I f 1 ) × 0.04) ( I f 1 × 1500)
Therefore, I f 1 = 1.9198 A
V
If1 = = 1.9198 A
( Rsh + Rext )
240
100 + Rext =
1.9198

Therefore, the resistance to be connected to the field circuit, Rext = 25 Ω

6. With the field resistances as in question (5), find the speed when the supply current
is 100A.
(a) 1525 rpm
(b) 1500 rpm
(c) 1410 rpm
(d) None of the above.
Solution: (Answer :a)
From question (5), Rext = 25 Ω
Field resistance, Rsh = 100 + 25 = 125 Ω
Current, IL = 100 A
V 240
Field current, I f 2 = = = 1.92 A
Rsh 125
Armature current, Ia2 = IL − I f 2 = 100 − 1.92 = 98.08 A
Back emf, Eb2 = 240 − 98.08 × 0.04 = 236.08 V
Eb If × ω
=
Eb2 I f 2 × ω2

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 232.096 2.4 × 1200
=
236.08 1.92 × ω2
Therefore, Speed, ω2 = 1525 rpm

7. If the machine is run as a generator to give 200A at 240V find the field current at
1200 r.p.m.
(a) 1.9 A
(b) 2.56 A
(c) 3.03A
(d) None of the above
Solution: (Answer :b)
Generator: Armature resistance, R a = 0.04 Ω
Line current, IL = 200 A
Voltage, V = 240 V
Speed, ω = 1200 rpm Armature current, Ia = IL + I f = 200 + I f A
Generated voltage, Ea = V + ( IL + I f ) R a = K 0 I f ω
240 + ((200 + I f ) × 0.04) = 0.0806 × I f × 1200
Therefore, field current, I f = 2.56 A

8. If the machine is run as a generator to give 200A at 240V find the speed when the
field current is 2A.
(a) 1552.4 rpm
(b) 1525.3 rpm
(c) 1538.9 rpm
(d) 1460.6 rpm
Solution: (Answer :c)
Armature resistance, R a = 0.04Ω
Load current, IL = 200 A
Field winding current, I f = 2 A
Armature current, Ia = IL + I f = 202 A
Ea = V + ( IaL R a ) = K 0 I f ω
240 + 202 × 0.04 = 0.0806 × 2 × ω
Therefore, speed, ω = 1538.9 rpm

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