CONTEMPORARY WORLD

The Global City

 What is Global City?
A global city or world city are a concept which postulates
that globalisation can be broken down in terms of strategic geographic
locales that see global processes being created, facilitated and enacted.
The most complex of these entities is the "global city", whereby the
linkages binding a city have a direct and tangible effect on global affairs
through more than just socio-economic means, with influence in terms
of culture, or politics. The terminology of "global city", as opposed
to megacity, is thought to have been first coined by Saskia Sassen in
reference to London, New York and Tokyo in her 1991 work The Global
City.
General characteristics of a Global City

It has been argued that global cities are those sharing the following characteristics:

 International, first-name familiarity; whereby a city is recognised without the need for a political subdivision. For
example. although there are numerous cities and other political entities with the name Paris or variations on it, one
would say "Paris", not "Paris, France".

 Active influence and participation in international events and world affairs; for example, New York City is home to the
United Nations headquarters complex and consequently contains a vast majority of the permanent missions to the UN.

 A fairly large population (the centre of a metropolitan area with a population of at least one million, typically several
million).

 A major international airport (for example, London Heathrow Airport) that serves as an established hub for several
international airlines.

 An advanced transportation system that includes several freeways and/or a large mass transit network offering multiple
modes of transportation ( rapid transit, light rail, regional rail, ferry, or bus).
 In the West, several international cultures and communities (such as a Chinatown, a Little Italy, or other immigrant communities).
In other parts of the world, cities which attract large foreign businesses and related expatriate communities; for example, Singapore,
Shanghai, Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Moscow.

 International financial institutions, law firms, corporate headquarters (especially conglomerates), and stock exchanges (for example
the London Stock Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange or the Tokyo Stock Exchange) that have influence over the world
economy.

 An advanced communications infrastructure on which modern trans-national corporations rely, such as fiberoptics, Wi-Fi networks,
cellular phone services, and other high-speed lines of communications.

 World-renowned cultural institutions, such as museums and universities.

A lively cultural scene, including film festivals (for example the Toronto International Film Festival), premieres, a thriving music or
theatre scene (for example, West End theatre and Broadway); an orchestra, an opera company, art galleries, and street performers.

 Several powerful and influential media outlets with an international reach, such as the BBC, Associated Press, Reuters, The New
York Times, The Times, or Agence France-Presse.

 A strong sporting community, including major sports facilities, home teams in major league sports, and the ability and historical
experience to host international sporting events such as the Olympic Games, Football World Cup, or Grand Slam tennis events.

How is the power of a global city
measured?
Given the global competition between cities, Since 2008, the
annual Global Power City Index (GPCI) evaluates and ranks
the major cities of the world according to their "magnetism,"
or their comprehensive power to attract people, capital, and
enterprises from around the world. The GPCI is able to grasp
the strengths, weaknesses, and challenges of global cities in
a continuously changing world not only through a ranking
but also through analyzing that ranking's specific
components.
They are the engines of growth for their countries and the
gateways to the resources of their regions. The ranking is
based on 27 metrics across five dimensions: business activity,
human capital, information exchange, cultural experience,
and political engagement.
Cities are evaluated through 6 functions:

 Economy
 Research and Development
 Cultural Interaction
 Livability
 Environment
 Accessibility
According to the Institute for Urban Strategies the Mori Memorial Foundation (2019),
there was no change in the top 10 rankings from last year's GPCI. In comparison with the
top 3 cities of London, New York, and Tokyo, Paris's drop in score was minimal,
narrowing the gap once again between the French capital and Tokyo. Although Paris
experienced a downtrend in score following the repeated terror attacks of 2015, following
the 2017 confirmation as host-city of the 2024 Olympic Games, an upward trend in the
score is building. Among the 4 new cities added this year (Melbourne, Helsinki, Dublin,
Tel Aviv), Melbourne at #11 was the highest performer.
The Top 10 Most Powerful Cities In The
World (2018 GPCI)
THE DOWNSIDE OF GLOBAL CITIES

 Living in a global city has its challenges:

 The high cost of housing;

 Long working hours;

 Competitive and precarious labor market;

 Residential hyper-mobility,

 Long commuting times; and

 Multiculturalism due diversity of neighbors.

 INDICATORS FOR GLOBALITY
Economic power LARGELY DETERMINES WHICH CITIES ARE GLOBAL

 New York has 217 company

NEW YORK headquarters (less than
Tokyo).

 Houses the most number of

corporate headquarters.
TOKYO
V
 613 company headquarters
(New York as its closest
competitor).

 Small stocks market but plays a critical

SHANGHAI role in the Global Economic supply

 China: Manufacturing Center of the

world

 Shanghai: World’s Busiest Container

port (33 million units in 2013)
Economic Competitiveness

1. Market size

2. Purchasing power of citizens

3. Size of the middle class

4. Potential growth
 Economic Competitiveness

1. Market size / Market share

The "market size" is made up of the total number

of potential buyers of a product or service within a
given market, and the total revenue that these sales
may generate.
It's important to calculate and understand market
size for several reasons.
Economic Competitiveness

2. Purchasing power of citizens

Consumers lose purchasing power when prices

increase. They gain purchasing power when prices
decrease. Causes of purchasing power loss can
include government regulations, inflation, and
natural and human-made disasters. Causes of
purchasing power gain include deflation and
technological innovation.
 Economic Competitiveness

3. Size of the middle class

The middle class refers to a class of people in the

middle of a social hierarchy, often defined by
occupation, income, education, or social status. The
term has historically been associated with modernity,
capitalism and political debate.
Economic Competitiveness

4. Potential growth

Abstract Potential growth is the rate of growth that an

economy can sustain over the medium term without
generating excess inflation. Potential growth has
declined in the advanced economies in recent decades
due to lower growth in the labour force, capital stock and
productivity.
Asia’s Most Competitive City
Singapore
 Efficient and incorruptible government
 Strong market
 Livability Houses the regional offices of many
major global corporation
 Center of Authority

Washington D.C (United states) Canberra, Australia

• Seat of American state power • Australia’s political capital

• White house, the capitol building (congress), • Home of the country’s top politician,
the supreme court, Lincoln memorial, bureaucrats, and policy advisors.
Washington Monument.
 Group III
Leader:
Danica Joy M. Tonido

Members:
Jaymarie C. Carse
Roxin V. Cerezo
Ma. Teresa R. dela Cruz
Geraldine C. Manuel