COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

[CAD]
FOR
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
MODULE -1

12-12-22
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN [CAD]
• Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computer systems to assist
in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design.
• Typical tools:
• Tolerance analysis
• Mass property calculations
• Finite-element modeling and visualization
• Defines the geometry of the design
• Product development has historically involved two divided processes:
first, designing a product, and then manufacturing it. 
• These tools also reduce the time to market for new products and
reduce the number of design flaws. These design flaws may tend to
hamper productivity, and in some cases ground an entire production
cycle.
ADVANTAGES OF CAD
• reduce design cycle times
• design a complex machine without the need to prototype
• prototype parts directly from a CAD model
• reduce low-cost design iterations rapidly
• alter the designs quickly by changing geometrical parameters
• view designs or parts under a variety of representations
• virtually simulate real-world applications
The Design Process : Then and Now

After CAD
Before CAD
CAD/CAM and the new Environment
CAD – A CASE STUDY [BOEING]
• Boeing is the world’s second largest defense contractor and a leading
manufacturer of aircrafts, rockets, and satellites. 
• Boeing invested over $1 billion in design automation using CAD based on
CATIA (Computer Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application) and
ELFINI (Finite Element Analysis System) to design the new airliner that would
turn out to become an industry standard. 
• Boeing applied the following objectives to guide their break-through
process:
 Reduce aircraft development time significantly
 Meet customer requirements better by involving them in the development
process
 Eliminate costly modification procedures
CAD – A CASE STUDY [BOEING]
Boeing compared the effort with their previous design efforts (757 and 767).
Overall, they realized:
91% reduction in development time
71% reduction in labour costs
Over 3000 assembly interfaces were developed virtually without the need
for prototypes
Reduction in design and production flaws, mismatches, and associated
errors
90% reduction in engineering change requests from approximately 6000 to
600
50% reduction in cycle time for engineering change request
90% reduction in material rework
50 times improvement in assembly tolerances for fuselage.
Boieng 757 fuselage assembly
CAD in Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)
• Product Data Management (PDM) module is
integrated to PLM in design of complex
systems.
• The PDM system manages 3D CAD models
(with the corresponding internal
annotations, in our case) and the
associated documentation.
CAD System Architecture
Computer graphics for CAD

• In direct beam refresh and direct –view storage tube, stroke-

writing approach is used to generate the image on CRT screen

Other names for the stroke-writing technique

include line drawing, random position, vector
writing, stroke writing, and directed beam.
Computer graphics for CAD
• In Raster scan, the viewing screen is divided into a large number of discrete
phosphor picture elements, called pixels.
• The matrix of pixels constitutes the raster.
• The number of separate pixels in the raster display might typically range
from 256 x 256 (a total of over 65,000) to 1024 x 1024 (a total of over 1 000
000 points).
Computer graphics for CAD
Computer graphics for CAD