Presentation on wastelands

classification and their use through

energy plantation

Name :- Amit Kumar

Roll No:- L-2016-AE-07-BIV

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 CONTENT
What is wasteland ?
Classification of wasteland
Causes of wasteland
Energy plantation
Reclamation of wasteland

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 WASTELAND
DEFINITION:-
• Unproductive or not utilised land
• Ecologically unstable
• Incapable of producing material
• Less than 20% economical potential

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 Land utilisation statistics (India)
• Total area of land = 328 million hectare

Agricultural Forest Pasture Wasteland

land(51%) land(21%) land(4%) (24%)

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 Classification
Wasteland are classified into two types:-

1) Culturable wastelands:-capable or has

potential for development for agricultural
purposes.
eg-water shortage ,soil erosion , water logging

2) Un-culturable wastelands:-not capable of

any productive use .
eg- snow covered ,glaciers
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 Culturable waste land
• Gullied and Ravenous land
• Undulating upland
• Surface waterlogged land
• Salt affected
• Shifting cultivation area
• Degraded forest land
• Degraded grazing land
• Strip land
• Sand
• Mining and industrial waste land
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 Unculturable waste land
• Stone/rocky waste area
• Steep sloping area
• Snow covered /Glacier area

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Gullied and Ravinous land –

• localized surface runoff

• Affect the unconsolidated material
• Result in formation of channels

cont. 9
Undulating upland without scrub –

• Prone to degradation
• Have no scrub – cover
• Occupy high location topography (hills and
mountains )

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Surface –waterlogged lands and marsh

(a)Surface waterlogged
• Water at/or near the surface
(b)Marsh land
• Permanent or periodically effected by water

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 WATERLOGGED

MARSH LAND

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Degraded grazing lands
• Land under non forest
• Degraded due to lack of soil conservation and
drainage measures

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Degraded non forest plantation
• Plantation outside the forest area
Strip land
• Long ,narrow strips of land on side of
roads/rail

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Salt affected land
• presence of excess soluble or excess
exchangeable sodium

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Shifting Cultivation Area
• It is result of cyclical landuse
• consisting of felling of trees and
burning of forest area
• Results in soil loss ,land degradation

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Mining / industrial wastelands
(a)Mining wastelands
• Due to mining operation
(b)Industrial wasteland
• Land effected by industrial discharges

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Steep – sloping area
• land with steep slops
• Greater than 35 degree
• Prone to erosion and mass-wasting

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 Rocky wasteland

• Covered with rocks

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Snow /glacial covered area

• Area covered by snow

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 Categories of wasteland in india
Category Area (in sq . Km .)
Snow covered / glacial 55788.49
Barren rocky / sheet rock 64584.77
Coastal 50021.65
Land affected by salinity / 20477.38
alkalinity
Gullied /ravinous land 20553.35
Upland with or without scrub 194014.29
Waterlogged and marshy land 16568.45
Steep sloping area 7656.29
Shifting cultivation land 35142.20
Degraded / grazing land 25978.91
Under utilised / degraded 140652.31
notified forest land
Degraded land under 5828.09
plantation crop
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 Causes of wasteland
• Overgrazing
• Improper irrigation practices
• Over cultivation
• Deforestation
• Drought and flood

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 METHOD OF RECLAMATION
• Afforestation
• Reforestation
• Surface cover
• Mulching
• Change ground topography ( terracing ; strip
farming , etc)
• Leaching (salt affected lands)
• Change agricultural practices (mixed cropping ,
crop rotation)
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 ENERGY PLANTATION
• Practice of planting trees for use as a fuel

1) Social Forestry:-
i. meet demand of fuel and fodder in rural

areas
ii. Includes trees along road , canals , railway

lines and wasteland ,etc 24

2)Silviculture Energy Farms (short rotation
forestry):-
i. Techniques related to agriculture
ii. Produce biomass from selected shrubs and

tree species
iii.Short term technique (5-10 years)

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 Energy plantation on wasteland acc to soil type
SOIL TYPE TREE / SHRUBS SPECIES

Acidic soil Albiza facataria , A.procera , Acacia auriculiformis ,

Gmelina arborea
Sandy soil Prosopis cineraria , Prosopis juliflora , Acacia tortillas ,
Zizyphus mauritiana
Coastal sandy soil Prosopis juliflora , Casuarina equisetifolia , Anacardium
occidentale
Purely drained Eucalyptus camaldulensis , Albizia procera , Teminalia
arjuna , Acacia nitolica
Alluvial soil Acacia nilotica , Azadirachta indica , Dalbergia sissoo ,
Eucalyptus teriticornis , Leucaena leucocephala ,
Mangifera indica
Calcareous soil Acacia nitolica , Albizzia lebbeck , Azadirachta indica

Saline soil Acacia nilotica , Acacia tortilis , Prosopis juliflora , Albizia

procera , Terminalia arjuna
Shallow gravelly soil Albizia amara , Zizyphus mauritiana , Hardwickia binata ,
Anogeissus pendula
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 Albiza facataria A.procera

ACIDIC SOIL Gmelina arborea

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 Prosopis cineraria Prosopis juliflora

Zizyphus mauritiana
SANDY SOIL

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COASTAL SANDY SOIL

Casuarina equisetifolia

Anacardium occidentale

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 PURELY DRAINED

Albizia procera

Eucalyptus camaldulensis

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 Azadirachta indica

Albizzia lebbeck

CALCAREOUS SOIL
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 Acacia nilotica

Terminalia arjuna

SALINE SOIL 32
 Albizia amara Hardwickia binata

Anogeissus pendula

SHALLOW
GRAVELLY SOIL

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Thanks

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 REFERENCES
Slide-3,6-20 =>book-wasteland and planning for
developmement by S.C. Kalwar
Slide-4,22,23=> Book- plants for reclamation of wasteland
Slide 21
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/11538/8/08_
chapter%203.pdf
Slide-24,25,26=>fuelwood from wasteland by O P Vimal and PD
Tyagi

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