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Superposition in Frequency Domain

With same frequency sources
With multiple frequency sources

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Complex Power from Sinusoidal Source

Average Power
Reactive Power
Table of IP, AP, RP
Power/Reactive Factor

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Example 11.2
 Given the time-domain voltage v = 4 cos(πt/6) V, find both the
average power and an expression for the instantaneous power that
result when the corresponding phasor voltage V = 4<0°V is applied
across an impedance Z= 2<60.
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Example 11.4 : Average Power

Find the average power absorbed by each element.

Answer: PL=0 W PC=0 W, PR=25 W

P20 V=-50 W P10 V=25 W
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Power Considerations – Effective Values?

Copyright © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Permission required for reproduction or display. 5
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Complex Power & Power Triangle

Copyright © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Permission required for reproduction or display. 6
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Uloohiyyah (Worship)
Sunnah
 Way of the Prophet
 Religion of Islam
He who obeys the Messenger (Muhammad), has indeed obeyed Allah, but he
who turns away, then we have not sent you (O Muhammad) as a watcher over
them. [an-Nisa: 80]
O you who believe! Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger (Muhammad) and
render not vain your deeds. [Muhammad: 33]
Nor does he speak of (his own) desire. It is only an Inspiration that is inspired.
[an-Najam: 3 – 4]
 Our manners with the Sunnah
O you who have believed, do not put [yourselves] before Allah and His
Messenger but fear Allah . Indeed, Allah is Hearing and Knowing.
O you who have believed, do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet
or be loud to him in speech like the loudness of some of you to others, lest your
deeds become worthless while you perceive not. [al-Hujurat:1-2]
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Uloohiyyah (Worship)
 Bida’ah
 Opposite of Sunnah
 An act done for religious reasons to gain Allah’s pleasure which does
not have any basis in religion

 Quiz – arrange the following sins in order of decreasing

severity (most serious at top) to which Satan incites:
(M)urder, (S)hirk, (D)isobedience to parents, (B)idah,
(L)ying, (Z)ina

The Prophet of Allaah Salallahu alayhe wasalam said:

“Whoever innovates or accommodates an innovator then upon him
is the curse of Allah, His Angels and the whole of mankind.”
[Reported by Bukhaaree (12/41) and Muslim (9/140)]
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Complex Power – most amazing result!