ORAL COMMUCICATION

Group 4
PRESENTED BY: ANGELINA ETOM
JR GABOTERO
GWEN LIBARDOS
JESTER ESTANIEL
MHARK PACLIPAN
ZEPHANIAH
PACULOB
Types of Speeches
according to Purpose
 Any worthwhile endeavor, such as a speech, has a purpose. You
speak to inform, to argue, to persuade, to entertain, and to express
emotions, among others. Identifying your purpose and being
conscious of it allows you to better choose your words, your
supporting material, the organizations of your message, and your
delivery.
A weather man, for instance, gives us updates on the weather
condition, and therefore, his purpose is to inform. How about an
artist presenting her work, hoping her art carries her message to
the audience? She speaks to persuade. How about a lawmaker
who argues for or against a bill in front of congress? He aims to
persuade his fellow lawmaker to vote for or against the bill in
review. these are but a few of the many purposes of speech
communication.
Different speech purposes call for different types of speeches. You deliver
an acceptance speech upon receiving a prestigious award, a farewell
address to a dear friend who is migrating, or a eulogy for a deceased
relative.
Consider the following situations. Each one requires a specific kind of
speech.
• You are the host of a family program honoring your grandparent on his
or her 75th birthday(tribute speech).
• you are the coach of the basketball team in your barangay. You would
like your team to be extra motivated for a crucial game(pep
talk/motivational speech)
• You are concerned about the worsening garbage problem in your
community(informative and persuasive speech)
Various references provide different types of speech
according to purpose. In this part we will focus on
three types of speeches: informative speech,
persuasive speech, and speech for special occasions.
 Informative Speech
The goal of informative speech is to impart knowledge to the
audience based on the expertise of the speaker. Thus
it would be difficult for you to be an informative speaker if you
are not familiar with the given topic. You either have to be an
expert on the topic or you should have done thorough research
so that you will be able to say something substantial to your
audience.
Teachers are peaker who engage in informative speech. Their goal is to share
with their student the information on various subject in such a way that they
would understand these subjects clearly as possible.

A demonstrative speech can fall under informative speech given that its main
purpose is still to inform. However, what makes demonstrative speech unique is
that the step by step process of doing or producing something is shown and
explained to the audience. Examples of domonstrative speeches are the how-to
videos that you watch online. For example, using visual aids and actual objects,
the speaker demonstrate how to cook dinuguan or the different ways of
creatively tying your shoelaces to the viewers.
 Persuasive Speech
A persuasive speech is delivered for the speaker to reinforce
beliefs, change the audience beliefs, or move them into taking an
action.
Persuasive speakers use facts to inform the audience about what
is good and what is bad. They also use logic and reasoning to
persuade. For some persuasive speakers, charisma and reputation
can help in changing the beliefs, attitude, and behavior of the
audience into something that favors the speaker.
From TV commercials selling products to speeches that
politicians deliver during the election season, persuasive
speeches are commonly delivered in an attempt to
convince the audience. As speakers, you should craft
your messages properly and creatively in order to
achieve your communication goal. As the member of
audience, you should be critical in listening to
persuasive speeches.
 SPEECHES FOR SPECIAL
OCCASIONS
According to O'Hair et al.(2007), speeches
for special occasions are prepared for
specific purpose dictated b a given occasion.
The speech can be informative,
persuasive, or both, depending on the kind
of occasion where its delivered. Joyous
occasions require speeches to be
entertaining, so that the audience will listen
and pay attention.
Special speeches are delivered to welcome
the audience to an event, to introduce a
speaker, to give tribute through roast or
toast speeches, and to commemorate
special events or people. The important
consideration in speeches for special
occasions is that you should be familiar
with the occasion being celebrated or the
person being honored.
Types and Speeches
according to Delivery
Speech delivery refers to how your message,
ideas, thoughts, and feelings are expressed in
spoken words. There are at least four types of
speech according to the manner they are
delivered: read, memorized, extemporaneous,
and impromptu
 Read Speech
As the name implies, this type of speech is read by a speaker from a
manuscript prepared by him or her or by someone commisioned to write it.
As long as you read the speech, it is classified as a read speech. But so as not
to sound too stiff and to increase the opportunity for eye contact and
interaction with the audience, the speaker is advised to practice delivery
beforehand.
Read speches could become ineffective when the speaker tends to focus only
on the written speech that he or she is reading. Also, while eye contact and
interaction help, being able to understand what you are reading is ultimately
important.
Memorized Speech
Like the read speech, a memorized speech is also witten in
advance by the speaker himself or herself or by the person
commisioned to write it. oratorical and declamation pieces are
examples of memorized speeches.
While memorized speeches provide a speaker with an portunity
to showcase his or her ability to memorized well, these speeches
are not very effective in communicating a message because they
are usually ready-made and are not tailor-made to the purpose of
speaker.
Both read and memorized speeches are organized and written
down word for word. They are useful for speeches that require
exactness of information or data(e.g., figures, names, technical
concept). Their main difference is that one is read, while the
other is memorized. In a read speech, however, your interaction
and eye contact with the audience tend to be limited. Hence,
there is a need to practice your delivery to still sound
conversational and to connect with the audience.
Below are expert of speeches that were originally read and memorized for oration
and declamation throughout the world.
American civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr.'s speech "I Have a Dream"
which he read in 1963 to a huge crowd at lincoln Memorial, has been favorite
speech to read and memorize by succeding generations. Here is an excerpt from th
famous speech.
 Extemporaneous Speech
The extemporaneous speech is delivered by speakers who
have an expert knowledge on a particular topic and are
therefore able to deliver an entire speech using an outline of
ideas written on cue cards. Although an extemporaneous
speech is no less prrepared and organized than a read or
memorized speech, it is not written entirely word for word
and there is no manuscript to read from. This allows for a
more conversational and interactive delivery.
Below is a sample outline for an extemporaneous speech:
• Introduction- includes a catchy opening line or greeting and an
overview of the topic.
• Body- the main speech. It is advisable to limit main ideas to
three items for better organization and recall
-Main idea 1
-Main idea 2
-Main idea 3
• Conclusion- this could include a recap of the three main ideas
discussed, a call to action if the speech is a persuasive one, or
an expression of gratitude to listeners.
Impromptu Speech
The impromptu speech is delivered with
little no to no preparation. This is done
at events such as a wedding or a victory
party. Because of this, an impromptu
speech is usually short and casual.
When you are asked by your teacher to share your reflections on a material
that the class has viewed or read, you give an imprompyu speech. Similarly,
you deliver an impromptu speech when you are called to say a few words
after being surprised with an award or a gift; when you are asked to share
something about the newlyweds or a birthday celebrant; when you would like
to say your well wishes for whoever is leaving; or when you deliver eulogy
in the funeral of a deceased loved one.
For impromptu speeches, instead of preparing an outline, you will need to
keep in mind a few key words about the person or the event to help you focus
on your message
An impromptu speech challenges the speaker to quickly organize his or her
thoughts and verbalize them as clearly and coherently as possible.
In some cases, such as in oral exams and beauty pageants, prompts in the
form of topic statements or questions are given to an impromptu speaker.
Here are some sample question prompts for an impromptu speech:
• What three things would you do/buy if you win the grand prize in the
lottery?
• What three books would you want to have if you were thrapped in a
deserted island?
• What three things signify success for you?
As previously mentioned, speech types may also be
classified according to the amount of prparation
involved. the impromptu and extemporaneous
speeches allow for the least time to prepare. An
extemporaneous is delivered from an outline of key
words, phrases, or sentences which the speaker then
fills in with details. The impromptu speech, on the
other hand, usually provides the speaker with little or
no preparation time.
Thank you for listening!
Don't hesitate to ask any questions!