Text displayed on a

computer display or other

electronic devices with
references
Hypertext
Non-linear way to present
information and is usually
accomplished using links
Hypertext
Described hypertext as a
series of chunks
connected by links that
offers readers different
pathways
Nelson(1987)
 Typically activated by
clicking on a highlighted
word or image on the
screen
Hyperlinks
Series of interconnected
public webpages
World Wide Web
Text only
Hypertext
Text, images, sounds,
animation, and videos
Hypermedia
Linking text, images,
sounds, and videos
Multimedia
 Benefits of hypertext
1. Multiple paths of inquiry
2. Individualized learning opportunities
3. Reader learner control
4. Critical thinking
5. Ease of navigation
Enables author to make
another text based on
another text
Intertext
Intertext is derived from a
Latin word,
“intertexto” – intermingle while weaving
Examples of intertext
A tempest by Aimee Cesaire
Lord of the Flies by William Golding
3 types of Intertextuality
Allusion
Parody
Pastiche
 Passing or casual
reference; incidental
mention of something
Allusion
Example of Allusion
Kenji is the Einstein of our class.
4 types of Allusion
Historical
Biblical
Literary
Cultural
Lampoon or imitation with
intentional exaggeration
Parody
What does parody employ?
Irony
Humor
Satire to mock
Criticize subjects
Imitation of another work;
artist takes the central
idea of a work, and uses
an original piece to create
Pastiche
 Engaging in analytic
activity which involves the
reader by asking
questions about the text
Critical Reading
 In critical reading, what
does a reader apply?
Certain processes, models, questions and
theories
Act of giving statements
for justification and
explanation.
Reasoning
Ability of someone to
defend something by
giving out reasons
Reasoning
Critical readers are doing
the process of _____, _____,
and _____ the assertion of
hidden meaning of the
text
Evaluating
Analyzing
Interpreting
Steps used in critical
reading as reasoning
1. Identifying assertions
2. Formulating counterclaims
3. Determining evidence
Different forms of hedges
1. Modals
2. Frequency adverbs
3. Probability adverbs
May, could, would, should,
might, certain, must, etc.
Modals
Usually, generally,
commonly
Frequency adverbs
Probably, possibly,
presumably
Probability adverbs