3RD QUARTER EXAM REVIEWER

QUARTER 3 LESSON 1

Argument – a heated conversation

- In academics, it is an attempt to persuade someone by presenting evidences for why it is more favorable
choice regarding a particular issue.
- We persuade people to agree with our claim using our facts.

Argumentative Essay – is a written form of argumentation.

- It is a piece of writing that takes a stance on an issue.

- A writer attempts to persuade readers to understand and support their point of view about an issue by
stating their reasoning and providing evidence to support it.

TERMS TO REMEMBER WHEN WRITING AN ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

Issue – an idea about which the opinions

o
Issue- an idea about which the opinions of people are different.

Claim – a statement by an author about an issue. This has a significant amount of disagreement about it. Also, it needs
supporting arguments. It is also called a position, stand or point of view.

Argument – an idea that supports the claim. This needs supporting evidences.

Evidence – facts in the real world that can be used to support an argument. Examples are statistics, data from studies,
historical events, habitual practices, and etc.

Counterargument – an idea given by the opposing side against the claim given in the argumentative essay.

Rebuttal – the response to the counterargument.

Pro – an argument in favor of a claim or advantage regarding something.

Con – an argument against a claim or disadvantage regarding something.

QUARTER 3 LESSON 2

COMPONENTS OF ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

INTRODUCTION

- The gateway of the essay because it attracts the attention of readers to the essay and gives them background
information about the topic.
- Also introduces the thesis statement which is known as the heart of an essay and tells what to be discussed in
the body paragraphs.

BODY

- This is where the facts of the given thesis statement of the essay are written.
- It is where the arguments are written to support the statements.
REFUTATION/COUNTERARGUMENT

- It is the argument to refute earlier arguments and give weight to the actual position.

CONCLUSION

- It rephrases the thesis statement, major points, call attention, or just having the concluding remarks.
- It even has some recommendations.

QUARTER 3 LESSON 3

TECHNIQUES IN WRITING INFORMATIVE ESSAY

INFORMATIVE TEXT

- It is meant to inform/educate others using credible sources as evidence – facts, statistics, and other research
data.
- Usually answers the five (5) Ws: who, where, when, what, and why and sometimes describes “how” to do or
accomplish things.

Remember!
When choosing a topic for informative writing, focus on a SPECIFIC TOPIC. Consider the topic that is not too
broad or too narrow.
Broad topic cannot be explain in one or two pages. Example of this is Special Education. To specify, you can
choose causes of hearing impairment as your topic.
However, narrow topic is very simple that it can already be explained in a sentence or short paragraph.

STRUCTURE OF INFORMATIVE TEXT

The Introduction

- Grabs the attention of the readers.

- It is where the thesis statement is found since it is considered as the most essential part of informative writing.
- “The thesis statement is the road map of an informative text” stated by Kristina Baroso in her article Informative
Writing Techniques.
The Body

- It is where the thesis statement is fully explained because of evidences such as facts, statistics, and statements
from experts, and other supporting details are found in this section.
- This section requires citing sources of information.

The Conclusion

- This reiterates the thesis statement and summarizes the main points of the informative text.
- NO NEW EVIDENCES must be presented at this point because all the ideas must have already been presented in
the body.

TECHNIQUES AND OTHER FEATURES OF INFORMATIVE WRITING

Tone or Attitude of the Author towards the Topic

- Formal, objective and neutral.

Specific/Clarity

- Provide clear answers to the five Ws and one H of the topic.

- Language must be clear, formal and unbiased.

Use of Transitional Words

 - It enables the text to be organized and have a smooth flow of ideas.

BONAPARTE: A True General is an example of informative text.

QUARTER 3 LESSON 4

TECHNIQUES IN WRITING A PERSUASIVE TEXT

PERSUASIVE WRITING

- It aims to convince people to think, feel, or to act in the writers’ way.

- It could be in form of essays, books, articles in newspapers, posters and advertisements.
- Usually contains a.) The writer’s opinion, b.) Evidence/information and c.) The action that writer want the readers
to do.

COMMONLY USED PERSUASIVE TECHNIQUES USED BY WRITERS TO ACHIEVE THEIR PURPOSE

1. Rhetorical Question – a question that is not intended to be answered.
- It is meant to be state the obvious, or to challenge the readers and to make them think.
2. Repetition – repeating key word/phrases and likely make readers remember them.
3. Bandwagon – a technique that would convince a reader to believe in an idea because the majority or everybody
believes it’s true.
4. Appeal to Emotion – the use of emotive language can keep sway the readers to side with the writer or to do
what he says.
5. Appeal to Authority – the writer needs to establish himself as an authority in the topic he is writing about by
using facts, figures and proofs that would support his opinions or claims.

Take note:
a. Use a passionate, personal or emotional tone.
b. Use two or more of techniques to add more impact.
c. Know your audience/target readers.

STRUCTURE OF A PERSUASIVE TEXT

One paragraph introduction that presents the topic and the writer's stand or opinion about it.

At least one body paragraph that presents further explanation, as well as eveidence or proof that would
support the writer's opinion.

One concluding paragraph that summarizes or repeats the opinion or calls the readers to action base on
that opinion.

QUARTER 3 LESSON 5

FORMALISM
The word ‘formalism’ derived from the word form or structure. The ‘ism’ is a belief or an approach of looking at things.

VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT
- Literary Criticism – is the evaluation, analysis, description or interpretation of literary works.
 - Critique (verb) – to critically evaluate, analyze or give careful judgment in which you give your opinion about a
literary work.
- Critique (noun) – is a detailed evaluation or analysis of a literary piece.
- Critic – is a person who judges, evaluates, or analyzes a literary piece.

FORMALIST APPROACH (FORMALISM)

- It discovers the true meaning of a work by giving attention to the form or structure, elements and literary devices
operating in it.
- It scrutinizes the plot chronologically and the conflict in a story.

WHAT DOES IT ANALYZE?

a. Character – it is a person, animal, being, creature or anything personified in a story.

b. Setting – it is not only the place and time a story takes place but also includes the atmosphere.
c. Tone – it is the overall emotion conveyed by both the choices of words, theme, sensory images, symbolism and the
narrator of the story such as suspenseful, affectionate, happy or sad.
d. Point of View – it answers the question, “Who is telling the story?”
 First person – it uses either of the two pronouns “I” or “We”. The narrator is a participant in the story
relating his or her own experiences directly or an observer.
 Second person – the story is told to “You”.
 Third Person – it uses pronouns “They”, “She”, “He”, “It” or a name.
- The narrator may be omniscient (all-knowing) or has a full access to the thoughts and
experiences of all characters in the story.
- The narrator may also be limited omniscient who usually cannot see into minds or know the
future.
 Theme – it is the author’s message to the readers.
 Imagery – it consists of descriptive language to create images in the mind of the readers through their senses.

HOW DO WE ANALYZE THE TEXT IN FORMALIST APPROACH?

a. How do elements conspire or work together?
b. How does the conflict affect the characters’ actions?
c. What do the objects, events, images or actions symbolize?

Take Note:

Formalist Approach…
- Examines a text exclusively as a self-contained object in isolation from the world, biographical information about
the author, or the text’s effect on the reader.
- Does not concern the historical events outside of the story, social, cultural, religious nor political ideas.
- Emphasizes the value of the text as an entity in itself.

QUARTER 3 LESSON 6

MORALISM
Moralist Approach (Moralism)

- judges the value of literature based on the teachings that can be taken from a literary text.
- looks into how the events, characters, themes, symbols etc. develop or destroy a person’s value or morality.

HOW DO WE ANALYZE THE TEXT IN MORALIST APPROACH?

- How strongly does the work bring forth its ideas?

- What application do the ideas have to the work’s characters and situations?
- How may the ideas be evaluated intellectually? Morally?

Take Note:
Moralist Approach…
- Is concerned with ideas and values (moral, philosophical and religious).
- Seeks to determine whether a work conveys a lesson or a message and whether it can help readers lead better
lives and improve their understanding of the world.
- readers should be left with the decision to accept the ideas conveyed by the work.