ENGLISH 10
that is loving, a mayor that is respectful,
 ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
- Is a type of essay that presents
arguments about both sides of an
issue.
- Its purpose is to state a position
on an issue and give several
reasons, supported by evidences,
for agreeing with that position.
 PERSUASIVE ESSAY
- Is a piece of academic writing in
which you employ logic and
evidence to convince a reader to
accept your point of view.
- Encourages the readers to accept
a certain view or to undertake a
certain action. Writer debates on
an issue.
- PERSUASIVE WRITING
TECHNIQUE
-is a way or method used to
convince readers to believe in an
idea or opinion, help them
evaluate information, and make
decisions or actions.
5 Techniques for Persuasive Essay:
1. Balance of Fact/Statistics and Emotional
Content – this adds weight to your
argument and makes people believe you
have investigated the issue.
Example: 22,000 kids die and suffer
everyday because of poverty.
2. Emotive Language – to stir up emotions
in your reader.
Example: Starved and beaten, this poor
puppy would have died a miserable
death without your help.
3. Reliable Sources – providing names of
famous people to your argument.
Example: BLACKPINK made history as
the first K-pop band to headline the
Coachella event.
4. Rhetorical Questions (does not require
answers) – to make the readers question
themselves.
Example: If practice makes perfect, and
no one’s perfect, then why practice?
5. Powerful Language – choose strong
words: verbs, adjectives, and adverb.
Example: This product is only exclusive
to those who have membership.
Additional:
6. Repetition – repeat for emphasis.
Example: The people deserve a mayor
and a mayor that they can count on.
7. Power of Three – three words/sentences
that come in series.
Example: Life, liberty, and the pursuit of
life.
8. Hyperbole/Exaggeration – exaggerated
statements or claims not meant to be
taken literally; superlative form.
Example: I can’t live without you. (rawrrr da
moves)
9. Assertions – an enthusiastic or energetic
statement that is presented as a fact,
although it may or may not be true;
imperative form (start with an action
word).
Example: If you use our product, you’ll
lose weight.
PARTS OF A PERSUASIVE ESSAY:
3 Main Parts
 Issue
- What is the topic of the essay
about? The issue should be easily
found in the title and first
paragraph of the essay.
 Side or Thesis
- Which side of the issue (For? Or
against?) the essay wants you to
believe? The side should be
easily found in the first and last
paragraphs of the essay.
 Arguments or Persuasion
- This is where the essay is
arguing (trying to
persuade/convince the reader)
that their side is right and the
other side is wrong.
4 Ways to Convince:
 EVIDENCE (facts/data that
backs up what they say – has
sources)
 EXAMPLE (stories that backs up
what they say – has sources)
 TALE (stories that sounds true –
no sources)
 REASONING (using
logic/common sense to show
they are right; could include
evidence or opinions)
 INFORMATIVE WRITING
- Writing that is designed to
inform the reader about the topic.
Informative Writing, which is
sometimes called expository
writing or explanatory writing,
 uses evidence and information
from credible sources to support
a focused and logical information
of the topic at hand. The
informative writing style
demands that you thoroughly
educate the reader on the given
topic without including your own
opinions.
 INFORMATIVE ESSAY
- Is arranged by defining the issue,
showing both sides of the
argument, and taking a clear
stand on the issue
In short, an Informative Essay…
1. Informs the readers
2. Expository or Explanatory writing
3. Uses evidences and information from
credible sources.
4. Educates the readers without using
opinions
*Features of Informative Writing
- The key feature of informative writing is
unbiased information about the given
topic that is presented in a way that helps
the reader truly understand the subject. It
uses language that is easy to comprehend,
and if technical terms are included, clear
definitions and explanations of those
terms are also included.
- When educating readers about a given
topic, it is important to only include the
most relevant and essential details.
Informative writing uses a variety of
sentence structures to keep the reader
from getting bored, and ideas are
organized in a way that makes sense.
Each body paragraph should focus on
explaining a single idea that was
introduced in the thesis statement and
that develops the topic in a logical
manner.
- The concluding paragraph in an
informative essay or article should
summarize the main points made
throughout the essay and should also
restate the thesis statement in a new way.
Never introduce new evidence in the
conclusion. New evidence only belongs in
the body paragraphs where it can be
properly explained.
 INDEPENDENT CRITIQUE
- A piece of writing that intends to
do the following:
Describe – give the reader a
sense of the writer’s overall
purpose and intent.
Analyze – examine how the
structure and language of the text
convey its meaning.
Interpret – state the significance
or importance of each part of the
text.
Criticize – to point out faults or
“fault finding”
 CRITIQUE
- is a literary technique that means to
critically evaluate a piece of a
literary work, or a political or
philosophical theory in detail.
- A critique could be a critical essay,
an article evaluating a literary piece,
or a review. It may be just like a
summary that identifies the central
issue, raises questions, takes notice
of theoretical and experimental
approaches, and reviews the
significance of the results.
 FORMATTING A CRITIQUE
Introduction
- Name of the author and work
- A general overview of the
subject and summary of the
author’s argument.
Body
- Objective description of a major
points in the work
- Detailed analysis of how the
work conveys an idea or concept
- Interpretation of the concept
Conclusion
- Overall interpretation
- Relationship of particular
interpretations to the subject as a
whole
- A critical assessment of the
value, worth, or meaning of the
work, both the negative and
positive.
Note: the writer may not be asked in
every critique to assess work, only to
analyze ang interpret it.
- If you are asked for a personal
response, remember that your
assessment should not be the
expression of an unsupported
personal opinion. Your
interpretations and your
 conclusions must be based on
evidence from the text and
follow from the ideas you have
dealt with in the paper.
*Remember also that a critique may express
a positive as well as a negative assessment.
Don’t confuse ‘critique’ with ‘criticize’ in
the popular sense of the word, meaning to
point out faults.*
 FORMALISM
- The formalist critical
perspectives are the belief that
literary works are unified artistic
wholes that can be understood by
analyzing their parts and
elements.
- Formalist critics view literature
as a distinctive art, one that uses
language to shape the reading
experience, communicate
meaning, and express emotion.
- Formalism emphasizes the form
of a literary work to determine its
meaning, focusing on literary
elements such as plot, character,
setting, diction, imagery,
structure, and point of view.
- The central meaning of a literary
work is discovered through a
detailed analysis of the work's
elements rather than by
considering external issues that
are biographical, historical,
psychological, social, political, or
ideological.
A Checklist of Formalist Critical Questions:
 How is the work structured or
organized? How does it begin? Where
does it go next? How does it end?
How is its plot related to its structure?
 How are the elements of this work
related to one another?
 Who is the narrator and how does his
telling of the story affect the
narrative?
 Who are the major and minor
characters, what do they represent,
and how do they relate to one
another?
 What are the time and place of the
work—its setting? To what extent is
the setting symbolic?
 What kind of language does the
author use to describe, narrate,
explain, or otherwise create the world
of the literary work? More
specifically, what images, similes,
metaphors, symbols appear in the
work? What meanings do they
convey?
 MORAL CRITICISM
- literary critics who use the
school of Moral Criticism as
their "lens" from which to view
and examine the worthiness or
quality of literature do the
following:
Aspects of Moral Criticism:
 Judge the value of the literature on its
moral lesson or ethical teaching:
o Literature that is ethically sound and
encourages virtue is praised
o Literature that misguides and/or
corrupts is condemned
 Works that are moral (or literature that
attempts to teach and instruct as well as
entertain) are often seen in contemporary
criticism as didactic – one that intends to
teach particularly in having moral
instruction as an ulterior motive.
 Moreover, proponents of this literary
perspective the literature can be a useful tool
to teach morality and probe philosophical
ideas. The underlying principle then, is
whether or not the text can be seen as A)
moral, and B) practical or useful.
 Literature in these terms may be considered
bad if the work is too self-indulgent or leads
to moral decay or degeneration.
Guide Questions for Moralist Criticism:
-Maturity, sincerity, honesty, sensitivity, and/or
courage become important criteria in determining
the worth of literature and art.
 Is the author and his/her treatment of subject
(both character and theme) mature, sincere,
honest, sensitive, or courageous? How so,
and how does knowing this help us approach
the text in a meaningful way?
 Does the text seek to corrupt or negatively
influence the reader? How so and/or why?
 What moral lesson or ethical teaching is the
author presenting in the text/or through
character, plot, or theme?
 How do characters, settings, and plot events
represent or allegorize moral or ethical
principles?
 Does the piece of literature project a moral
lesson or a philosophical idea?