ELECTROSTATICS

ELECTROSTATICS
 ELECTROSTATICS
Properties of Charge

1. Charge is transferable
2. Charge is additive in nature
Ex. qA = +10C ; qB = –12C
qsystem = qA + qB = +10 – 12 = –2C
3. Charge is conserved
4. Like charges repel while unlike charges attract each other
(+ +, – –) Like charges : Repulsion
(+ –, – +) Unlike charges : Attraction
5. Charge is always associated with mass
 ELECTROSTATICS

Q. Choose incorrect option.

(a) q = 0 ; m = 0 (b) q ≠ 0; m = 0
(c) q ≠ 0 ; m ≠ 0 (d) q = 0 ; m ≠ 0

Sol. (a) q = 0 ; m = 0 (Eg. photon)

(b) q ≠ 0; m = 0 (not possible)
(c) q ≠ 0 ; m ≠ 0 (Eg. electron)
(d) q = 0 ; m ≠ 0 (Eg. neutron)
 ELECTROSTATICS
6. Charge is relativistically invariant
i.e. does not depend on reference frame, velocity etc.
e.g. Specific charge (q/m)
(a) At low speeds → q → constant; m → constant
So → constant

(b) At high speeds → q →constant but m is not constant

because therefore, v↑, m↑,↓
 ELECTROSTATICS
7. Quantization of charge:
Charge can exist only in integral multiples of least amount of
charge. (Charge on an electron)

Here, Q = Charge
N = Number of excess / deficient electrons (must be
whole number)
e = 1.6 x 10 -19 C
+ = If Np > Ne (or if only protons)
- = If Ne > Np (or if only electrons)
 ELECTROSTATICS

N is number of electrons transferred.

Mass gained by body B = N(me)
Mass lost by body A = N(me)
Where me = 9.1 × 10–31 kg
 ELECTROSTATICS
QUARK PARTICLES:

+2 ⅇ
UP QUARK
3
QUARKS
DOWN ⅇ
QUARK −
3
 ELECTROSTATICS
Q.1 A neutral body ejects 1018 electrons.
Find charge on body.
 ELECTROSTATICS
Q.2 A body has –10C charge. If 3 × 1019 electrons are ejected from
the body, then charge on body becomes.
 ELECTROSTATICS
Q.3 106 electrons are ejected per second from a body. Then after
how much time body will acquire a charge of 3.2 μC.
 ELECTROSTATICS
Q.4 Which of the following charges is/are not possible ?
(1) (2) 1.6 × 10–18 C
(3) 3.2 × 10–20 C (4) 1C
 ELECTROSTATICS
Q.5 A neutral object has 5 x 10 21 electrons if 20% electrons are
taken out, find the charge on object.
 ELECTROSTATICS
Q.6 Find the number of electrons in 10g H2O.
 ELECTROSTATICS
Q.7 A point sized mass has two Cl- ions. 1 billion such point masses
are placed together. Find the net charge over the whole system.
 ELECTROSTATICS
Q.8 Assuming that due to charging by friction, 10,000 electrons are
transferred from one’s hair to comb. Find the total mass
transferred.
 ELECTROSTATICS
Homework: Try to solve beginner’s box 1