academic writing

(Features)
ACADEMIC WRITING
- A clear, concise, focused, and
structured writing which was backed
up by evidence/facts.
ACADEMIC WRITING
- A clear, concise, focused, and
structured writing which was backed
up by evidence/facts.
FEATURES

a. Formal
b. Objective
FEATURES
a. Formal
- avoid using colloquial, idiomatic, or
slang and contractions
FORMAL
a. Avoid using colloquial, idiomatic, or
slang.
b. Use full words instead of contractions.
FORMAL
To make your writing more formal, try to:
B. use full words instead of contractions

x ☑️

can't can not

don't do not
they've they have
it's it is
we'll we will
 ACADEMIC WRITING

FEATURES
a. Formal
- Your tone should not sound casual
or conversational
FORMAL
To make your writing more formal, try to:
A. avoid using colloquial, idiomatic, B. use full words instead of
or slang contractions

x ☑️ x ☑️

can't can not

 will be a
 highly
hit don't do not
valuable
 a piece of they've they have
 easy
cake it's it is
we'll we will
 ACADEMIC WRITING

FEATURES
b. Objective
- avoid using personal statement and
emotional language
OBJECTIVE
To maintain an objective tone in your writing, avoid the following:
A. personal statement and judgement
B. emotional language

x ☑️ x ☑️

I performed an The experiment was

experiment. performed.
Based on the Philippine
Statistics Authority
It is unfortunate that
(PSA) data, about half or
In this paper, the effects of many Filipinos do not
48.2% of unemployed
I believe that fast food fast food consumption on have work these days.
Filipinos are from ages
contributes to obesity. obesity were presented in 18-24.
various studies.
 ACADEMIC WRITING

organization
 Introduction
 Body
 Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
- Hook the reader using a fact, song, joke, or
question.
- Introduce the topic
- State the point or purpose of the essay.
BODY
- State the proof/evidence.
- Give specific example/s or details.
- Explain why the evidence is important.
CONCLUSION
- Restate the topic
- Summarize the facts/details.
Four Main Types of
Academic Writing
Descriptive

The simplest type of academic writing is

descriptive. Its purpose is to provide facts or
information.

Example:
a summary of an article, or a report of the
results of an experiment.
Analytical

Includes descriptive writing, but also requires

you to re-organize the facts and information you
describe into categories, groups, parts, types, or
relationships.

Example: compositions that compare and

contrast
Persuasive

 Requires the writer to have his own point of

view on an issue or topic.
 It also aims to interpret, argue, and
recommend a claim supported by an
evidence.
Example:
Editorial column, written advertisements
Critical

 Analyzes, and evaluates information (usually

from multiple sources) in order to develop an
argument.

Example:
Critique a journal article, or a literary review
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
- any communication that uses words to share
information with others
- may be both spoken and written

- Examples:
face-to-face interview, telephone conversation,
radio or television and other media
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
- is communication without words, only
visual cues

Facial expressions Haptics

Eye contact Proxemics
Body movements & posture
Voice Gestures
NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION

a. Facial expressions ANGRY SAD

- the principal source
of feedback

HAPPY SHOCK
NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION

b. Eye contact - the

most expressive
element in face-to-
face communication
NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION

c. Body movements
& posture - the
way you stand and
hold your body
also sends
messages
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
d. Gestures - the movement that you make with a part of your
body, especially your hands

Surprised Angry Confused Confident Curious

NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

e. Haptics –
also known as
“touching”
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

f. Proxemics - the amount of space

that individuals naturally maintain
between each other which
communicates meanings
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

g. Voice - the way in which

a message is spoken is as
important as what is said.
 Fiction Non-Fiction
- is factual and reports on true
- is fabricated and
events.
based on the author’s - refers to literature based on
imagination. fact
- also known as
Examples: informational text
short stories, novels,
myths, legends, and Examples: histories,
fairy tales biographies, journalism, and
essays
Worth of Ideas in
a Text
● In a text, IMPORTANT INFORMATION has
the greatest meaning or value. It requires the
most attention.

● Distinguish between what information in a text

is most important versus what information is
interesting but not necessary for understanding.
Elements
of a Story
 CHARACTERS – are people, animals, or
things in stories.

 CHARACTER TRAITS show what a

person is like and offer clues to a person’s
behavior and actions.
Types of Characters
a. Protagonist - is the main character
b. Antagonist - causes the conflict for
the protagonist or the villain.
 Setting –where and when a story takes
place.
 It can change in different parts of the
story.
Examples:
Theme
- the main subject or idea of a

story.
Examples:
Love, Revenge, Good vs. Evil
Point of View
 a way of looking at things.
Types of Point of View
a. First-Person Point of View – the story is told by one of the
characters.
(keywords - I , me , you)
b. Second Person Point of View – the narrator addresses the
reader.
( keywords – you , your )
c. Third Person Point of View – the story is told by the
narrator.
( keywords – he , she , they )
Parts of a Plot
 Exposition - introduction; characters and setting are introduced

 Rising Action- This is when the events in the story become

complicated

 Climax- highest point of interest or suspense of a story

 Falling Action - show the results of how the characters work to

solve the problem or conflict

 Resolution- the conflict is solved or how things end up in the

story
TYPES OF CONFLICT IN
LITERATURE
External Conflict
- takes place outside
of the body

Internal Conflict
- takes place inside
of the body/mind
External Conflict
MAN VS. MAN
- main character fights against
another person, the antagonist,
to achieve victory
External Conflict
MAN VS. NATURE
-the natural world turns
against the protagonist (like
storms, volcanic eruptions,
etc.)
External Conflict
MAN VS. SOCIETY
- protagonist is placed in opposition
with society, the government, or a
cultural tradition or societal norm
of some kind
Internal Conflict
MAN VS. SELF
– an individual’s decisions
challenged by his conscience
Symbolism
 This is the idea of using a
symbol to represent a meaning,
idea, or quality.
The object or symbol used means
something more than its literal
meaning.