THE SIX CS OF EFFECTIVE

ACADEMIC AND
PROFESSIONAL
COMMUNICATION
1. COURTESY
Describe as diplomacy. It means showing concern for the reader. It promotes
goodwill , a feeling of confidence based on honesty and reliable service.

2. CLARITY
Clarity means writing easy – to- read and easy –to-understand messages. A clear
message sustains a listener’s or reader’s attention. Clarity of message expresses a
thought not impresses the reader or listener. Compare the examples in the table
below.
3. CONCISENESS
Conciseness refers to the brevity of the message. Writing meaningfully in just
the least possible words. Be precise.

4. CONCRETENESS
Choice of words to convey a message. Readers have different perceptions of a
word depending on their background information.
5. CORRECTNESS
Refers to the accuracy of the details of the message. Details involve the content and
appearance of the message. It is important to proofread the message written to check
the its content and evaluate its appearance.

6. COMPLETENESS
A complete message answers the questions who, what, where, when ,
why and how.

The writer ensures that the components of the message serve the
purpose.

Develop a clear and complete message so the reader will

understand you.
 CORRECT USAGE
to use appropriate words or phrases to communicate your
intended meaning
Understanding
Research Skills
 Citing Sources Using a Summary

A summary is a shortened form of facts from an original piece of

writing. It is a third of the original text depending on the purpose of the
writer.

Summarizing involves putting the main ideas into your own words,
including only the main points. Once again, it is necessary to attribute
summarized ideas to the original source. Summaries are significantly shorter
than the original with a complete overview of the source material.
 UNDERSTANDING
RESEARCH SKILLS
Aspects of The
Future Tens
 UNDERSTANDING
RESEARCH SKILLS
CITING SOURCES
USING A PARAPHRASE
ENGLISH WORDS
WITH FOREIGN
ORIGIN
Thank You