RESEARCH PROPOSAL

CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF FIRST HAND AND

SECOND HAND SMOKING OF THE RESIDENTS
OF BARANGAY 128 FOR THE PAST FIVE YEARS

Jovie T. Gador, Roshiel A. Colata, Rolly S. Manday, Joseph S. Gipitulan,

11-ICT-B GROUP 3
Prince Charles Z. Santos
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

• Pollution is a global issue that affects many countries

• Smoking is a major contributor to pollution, specifically air pollution
• We chose to study the causes of cigarette smoking and how it affects
communities and its residents
• we chose barangay 128 since most of our group members live within the
community. And also due to its notorious reputation as a dirty and cramped
space
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

• To find and point out the possible causes of first and second hand smoking and
how it affects the residents of the community
• To raise awareness to the severity and recommend possible solutions to the
problem and the people affected by it
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

• To raise awareness and to see the possible causes, extent, and effects of first and
second hand smoking to the residents and how it affects communities as a
whole.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

• This research generally aims to understand and determine the Causes and
Effects of First and Second hand smoking of the residents in barangay 128 for
the past five years.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS

• How do people in barangay 128 affected by first hand and second hand
smoking?
• What are the causes and effects of first hand smoking in the people in
barangay128?
• How do people in Barangay128 handle the effects of firsthand and secondhand
smoking?
SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

• The study focuses on examining the causes and effects of first and second hand smoking of the
residents of Barangay 128 for the past five years
• the scope of the study includes residents of Barangay 128 who have experienced or have been
affected by first and second hand smoking within the past five years, as well as residents who have
personally smoked themselves
• this study is delimited to the residents of Barangay 128 who have experienced or have been
affected by first and second hand smoking for the past five years
LIMITATIONS

• Most of us live in Barangay 128, which limits our connections to other areas.
• Our study group may also lack proper cooperation and communication at times, which frequently
leads to challenges in performing research.
• To avoid risking our safety, we are hesitant to conduct research in unfamiliar places.
• Furthermore, we will only include individuals within Barangay 128 who have been directly or
indirectly affectedby smoking.
 CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature
According to Watson S. (2022),She said that Tobacco smoke has more than 4,000
chemical compounds, At least 250 are known to cause disease. Exposure to second hand
smoke raises the risk by as much as 30% that others will get lung cancer and many other
types of cancer. It can lead to emphysema, and it’s bad for your heart. Smoke makes your
blood stickier, raises your “bad” LDL cholesterol, and damages the lining of your blood
vessel. Eventually, these changes can make you more likely to have a heart attack or
stroke.
 CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature
According to Mahassni S. (2018), He stated that secondhand tobacco smoking are
considered the greatest causes of preventable illnesses and premature death world wide.
First hand and second hand smoking have adverse consequences on the immune system,
although these effects are not fully understood. First hand smokers were categorized
according to the number of cigarettes smoked daily (frequency of smoking). Compared to
secondhand smokers, firsthand smokers showed a highly significantly higher mean
cotinine concentration and a highly significantly lower mean IgA concentration. Second
hand smokers had significantly higher mean lymphocyte.
 CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature
According to Cherney K. (2022),She said that Second hand smoke refers to the fumes that are
emitted when smokers use: cigarettes, pipes, cigars, and other tobacco products. First hand
smoking and second hand smoke both cause serious health effects. While directly smoking is
worse, the two have similar adverse health effects. Second hand smoke is also called: side-
stream smoke, environmental smoke, passive smoke, involuntary smoke. Nonsmokers who
inhale second hand smoke are affected by chemicals contained in the smoke. According to the
World Health Organization (WHO) Trusted Source, there are over 7,000 chemicals found in
tobacco smoke. In all, at least 69 are cancerous. Over 250 are harmful in other ways.
 CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature
According to Mahassni S. (2018),He stated that First hand and second hand tobacco smoking are
widely prevalent in Saudi Arabia and rates of smoking continue to increase. For the last few
decades, diseases and conditions associated with smoking have been increasing in Saudi Arabia.
There is a lack of studies on the effects of smoking on the results on these effects. In addition,
this study draws attention to the need for strong recommendations and the implementation of
educational and cessation programs to reduce the negative impact of smoking in Saudi Arabia.
 CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature
According to Iloh G. (2017), He stated that Cigarette smoking whether actively or passively is a
growing public health problem. Despite the wealth of information on the hazards of active
cigarette smoking, awareness of the health effects of passive smoking on human population is
often neglected in Nigeria. Exposure to second hand smoke was defined as exposure to cigarette
smoke in a never-smoked adult patient in the previous 1 year. Data were analyzed using
Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 for the calculation of percentages for
categorical variables. Awareness of general health effects of secondhand smoke on adults,
children, and pregnant women was 95.6%, 92.8%,and 65.2%, respectively.
 CHAPTER 3
DESIGN
• The design of this research is qualitative in nature, specifically
utilizing a phenomenological approach
• This approach seeks to understand the subjective experiences
and perceptions of individuals regarding first and second hand
smoking in barangay 128
 CHAPTER 3
METHOD

• Our chosen method for data collection is through the use of

open-ended questionnaire surveys that allows participants to
provide detailed responses and rich qualitative data
 CHAPTER 3
CONTEXT AND PARTICIPANTS
• The study will be conducted in Barangay 128 focusing on the
residents who have been exposed to first and second hand
smoking
• We aim to include diverse range of participants from various
factors like age, gender, and smoking status
 CHAPTER 3
INSTRUMENT

• Our primary instrument for data collection will be an open-ended

questionnaire survey
• The questionnaire will be designed to explore the causes and
effects of smoking from the participant's perspective
 CHAPTER 3
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
• The data gathering procedure will involve the distribution of the open-ended
questionnaire surveys to select participants in person to ensure confidentiality and
privacy
• Participants will be given sufficient time to complete the questionnaire and assistance
will be provided if needed
• The completed surveys will be collected and stored securely for data analysis
 CHAPTER 3
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
• Ethical considerations will be given utmost importance throughout the research process.
• Informed consent will be obtained from all participants, clarifying the purpose and procedures of the
study.
• Participants will be assured of confidentiality, and their personal information will be kept anonymous
in the reporting of findings.
• The study will adhere to ethical guidelines and standards regarding the treatment of human subjects,
ensuring that their rights and well-being are protected.
11-ICT-B GROUP 3

THANK YOU