Adoption,

abortion,
euthanasia
Bio-Medical Issues
 Adoption
The act of legally taking a child
to be take care of as your own
Type of
adopted ● Foundling children
● Orphans

children ● Children whose are

known or are still
alive
Foundling children

- Children who are abandoned by their children

 orphans

- Child who lost his father in his childhood

 Children whose
parents are known
or are still alive
- Adopted children whose parents are still alive
and they usually adopted by their relative,
family friends and neighbours.
History of adoption
● Adoption was practiced in the pre-islam arabian
● During this time, the prophet muhammad himself adopted zaid ibn harithah
● The prophet declared his adoption to zaid and zaid could be call zaid ibn
muhammad
● There was no revelation that forbade adoption in particular nature and details
● Until then, the adopted child adopts the family name of his adoptive father waw
allowed
● Then prophet migrated to madinah and this kind of adoption was prohibited
● Then, zaid was no longer called “zaid ibn muhammad” but “zaid ibn harithah”
Why legal adoption is prohibited

● The children will lose their identity

● It causes knowledge of people’s lineage to be lost
● Issue of inheritance
 LEGAL
ADOPTION

Take a name
of new family

Entitled to FOSTER PARENTING

inheritance IN ISLAM

Older family retain

Not entitle- can be given

through wassiyah up to
1/3
 Adoption in
The revelation of forbidden in adoption:

It was mentioned in Surah Al-Ahzab (33:4-5)

islam
Allah has not made for a man two hearts in his interior.
And He has not made your wives whom you declare
unlawful your mother. And he has not made your
adopted sons your [true] sons. That is [merely] your
saying by your mouths, but Allah says the truth, and He
guides to the [right] way.
In Islam, legal adoption is prohibited.
Call them by [the names of] their fathers; it is more just
in the sight of Allah. But if you do not know their fathers
- then they are [still] your brothers in religion and those
entrusted to you. And there is no blame upon you for that
in which you have erred but [only for] what your hearts
intended. And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful.
 The adoptive family does not replace
If the child is provided with property/wealth
the biological family.
from the biological family, adoptive parents
An adopted child retains his or her own
are commanded not intermingle that
biological family name (surname) and
property/wealth with their own.
does not change his or her name to
THE NATURE match that of the adoptive family.
ADOPTION IN
ISLAM

When the child is grown, members of the The identity of the child’s biological
adoptive family are not considered blood family is never hidden and their ties to the
relatives and are therefore not mahram child are never severed.
to him or her.
 CONDITION AFTER ADOPTION

Appropriate Name

If the child has no

name

Become Wali for

Daughter Breastfeeding
Only for daughter
who is breastfeed by To become a
her adoptive mother Mahram

Not inherit his Financial Needs

adoptive parents
Can give wasiyyah not According to ability
more than ⅓ of their and capacity of the
wealth adoptive family
The concept of breastfeeding to
become a mahram
The breastfeeding must
take place anytime before
the child is 2 years old. The
breast milk must be
satisfying (nutritious) for
the child, and has to be
more than five times. Some
scholars say it should be an
estimated duration of a day
and night (24 hours).
 MAHRAM
Adopted child
who is breastfed
by his adoptive
mother

PARENT-CHILD
RELATIONSHIPS
IN ADOPTION

NOT MAHRAM
If breastfeeding
did not take
place
abortion
 What is abortion?

Abortion is the expulsion of the product of pregnancy before

the foetus is viable. Any interruption of human pregnancy
prior to the 28th week (6 month) is known as abortion.
Legal rulings of
1. After quickening
abortion: Prohibited (consensus - Ijma’).
This includes the cases when
the fetus is a result of unlawful
When quickening (the soul
intercourse, rape or incest.
breathe in the body) takes
place?

- After 40 days
- After 120 days
2. Before quickening
Few scholars: permissible
Few scholars: reprehensible
The majority of scholars:
prohibited only for the justifiable
reasons (rape, incest, genetic
diseases)
Why abortion is prohibited in
islam?
Abortion is prohibited in Islam because:

1. Sanctity of life.
“Because of that, We decreed upon the Children of Israel that whoever kills a soul unless for a soul or
for corruption [done] in the land - it is as if he had slain mankind entirely. And whoever saves one - it is
as if he had saved mankind entirely.” {Quran, 5;32}

2. Ethical impact.

Encourage adultery especially among teens, the percentage of pregnancy of unlawful sexual
intercouse increase.
When abortion can be permissible?
1. Protection of the mother’s life.

Muslims universally agree that mother’s life takes

precedence over the life of the fetus. This is because the
mother is considered the "original source of life", while
the fetus is only "potential" life.Islam allows abortion to
save the life of the mother because it sees this as the
'lesser of two evils' and there is a general principle in
Sharia (Muslim law) of choosing the lesser of two evils.
2. For the baby’s sakes.

If it is confirmed in the early period of pregnancy that a

foetus suffers from a defect that can't be treated and that
will cause great suffering to the child, some scholars would
say it is permissible for the abortion but the preganancy
must less than 120 days.
3. Rape.

There are some scholars allow abortion for the pregnancy of

the rape cases before 120 days however it is not a popular
opinion among scholars.
 From greek words:
● Eu : well, good

EUTHANAS ● Tathanos : death

● The act of ending the life

IA of an individual suffering
from terminal illness or an
incurable condition through
lethal injection or
suspension or extraordinary
medical treatment.
 People who are involved...
● Patient in permanent vegetative state who
is awake but is not aware of self or the
environment and kept alive on artificial life
support.
● Patient in terminal ill and may not be
subject to any life support machine.
● People suffering from great pain.
Types of
euthanasia
● Active Euthanasia
● Passive Euthanasia
Active
Euthanasia
● An act of commision by taking action that leads to
death

(example: lethal injection)

1. voluntary
2. involuntary
3. non-voluntary
Passive Euthanasia
● Letting a person die by taking no action to maintain
his/her life.

-stop giving medications

● Withholding medical or surgical procedures and life

support system.
 HUKM
Islam opposed euthanasia, regards it as
an act of murder.

“Do not take life, which Allah made

sacred, other than in the course of
justice.” ( Surah Al-Isra' 17:33)

“Do not kill (or destroy) yourselves,

for verily Allah has been to you most
Merciful” ( Surah An-Nisa’ 4:29).
THE PROS OF
EUTHANASIA THE CONS OF
1. An End To EUTHANASIA
Suffering 1. Devalues Human
Lives
2. Death With Dignity
2. Religious and
3. Frees Up Funds And Ethical Problems
Equipment
3. Corruption Of
4. The Freedom To The Worst Kind
Choose
MUSLIM PERSPECTIVE ON
EUTHANASIA
Kiarash Aramesh, MD;

"Islamic jurisprudence, based on a convincing

interpretation of the holy Koran, does not
recognize a person’s right to die voluntarily. The
Islamic arguments against euthanasia can be
summarized in two main reasons: 1 - Life is sacred
and euthanasia and suicide are not included among
Yusuf al-Qaradawi, PhD, founder and part owner
of IslamOnline
"Euthanasia or Mercy Killing is the act or practice of
ending the life of an individual suffering from a terminal
illness or an incurable condition, through lethal injection
or the suspension of extraordinary medical treatment.

This act is Islamically forbidden for it encompasses a

positive role on the part of the physician to end the life
of the patient and hasten his death via lethal injection,
electric shock, a sharp weapon or any other way. This is an
act of killing, and, killing is a major sin and thus
forbidden in Islam, the religion of pure mercy."
 EUTHANASIA
IN DIFFERENT
COUNTRIES
Euthanasia is illegal in Australia on a federal level
but states and territories have legislated on the
issue. It was legal for a period in the Northern
Territory and in November 2017 legislation to allow
assisted suicide passed the Parliament of Victoria but
will not come into effect until mid-2019. A patient
can elect not to receive any treatment for a terminal
illness and can also elect to have their life support
turned off.
 Euthanasia in the Netherlands. It states euthanasia and
physician-assisted suicide are not punishable if the
attending physician acts in accordance with criteria of due
care. These criteria concern the patient's request, the
patient's suffering (unbearable and hopeless), the
information provided to the patient, the absence of
reasonable alternatives, consultation of another physician
and the applied method of ending life.

In a historic judgment, the Supreme court of India legalized

passive euthanasia.