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KIT
Here Starts Learning…
Introduction

• Alligation medial is merely a matter of finding a

weighted mean.

• Alligation is an old and practical method of

solving arithmetic problems related to mixtures
of ingredients.
Logic
Consider,
A shopkeeper mixes 2 types of sugars Rs.30/kg and Rs.20/kg
C1, C2 Q1, Q2

Cost Quantity Total cost (C1 X Q1) + (C2 X Q2) = 24

1. Rs. 30 X 2 kg = Rs. 60 (Q1 + Q2)

2. Rs. 20 X 3 kg = Rs. 60
5 kg = Rs. 120

1 kg = Rs. 24
Example
A shopkeeper mixes 2 types of sugars Rs.15/kg and Rs.20/kg
in a certain ratio. Thus the mixture costs him Rs.18/kg. Then
in what ratio he mixed the sugars?
(𝐶 1 𝑋𝑄1)+(𝐶2 𝑋𝑄2)
= 𝐴𝑣𝑔
𝑄 1+𝑄 2
(15 X Q1) + (20 X Q2)
= 18
(Q1 + Q2)

15 x Q1 + 20 x Q2 = 18 x Q1 + 18 x Q2

20 x Q2 – 18 x Q2 = 18 x Q1 - 15 x Q1
Q1 ( 18 – 15 ) = Q2 ( 20 - 18 )
𝑄 1 20 − 18 ¿ 2
=
𝑄 2 18 − 15 3

So, the shopkeeper mixed the sugars in the ratio 2 : 3

Example
A shopkeeper mixes 2 types of sugars Rs.15/kg and Rs.20/kg in a
certain ratio. Thus the mixture costs him Rs.18/kg. Then in what ratio
he mixed the sugars?

(15 X Q1) + (20 X Q2) (C1 X Q1) + (C2 X Q2) = 18

= 18
(Q1 + Q2) (Q1 + Q2)

C1 x Q1 + C2 x Q2 = 18xQ1 + 18xQ2
20 x Q2 – 18 x Q2 = 18 x Q1 - 15 x Q1
C2xQ2 – 18xQ2 = 18xQ1 - C1xQ1
Q1 ( 18 – 15 ) = Q2 ( 20 - 18 )
Q1 ( 18 – C1 ) = Q2 ( C2 - 18 )
𝑄 1 20 − 18 ¿ 2
= 𝑄 1 𝐶 2 −18
𝑄 2 18 − 15 3 =
𝑄 2 18 − 𝐶 1
So, the shopkeeper mixed the sugars in the ratio 2 : 3
Example
A shopkeeper mixes 2 types of sugars Rs.15/kg and Rs.20/kg in a
certain ratio. Thus the mixture costs him Rs.18/kg. Then in what ratio
he mixed the sugars? 𝑄 1 𝐶 2 −18
=
(15 X Q1) + (20 X Q2) 𝑄2 18 − 𝐶 1
= 18
(Q1 + Q2) Cost 1 Cost 2
15 20
20 x Q2 – 18 x Q2 = 18 x Q1 - 15 x Q1
(-) (-)
Q1 ( 18 – 15 ) = Q2 ( 20 - 18 ) 18

𝑄 1 20 − 18 ¿ 2
= 2 : 3
Q2
𝑄 2 18 − 15 3 Q1

So, the shopkeeper mixed the sugars in the ratio 2 : 3

Example
30 kg of rice costing Rs. 18/kg is mixed with another variety costing
Rs. 13/kg. The average price of the mixture is Rs. 16/kg. How many
kilogram of the second variety was used in the mixture?

Cost 1 Cost 2
18 13
(-) (-)
16

30 kg 3 : 2 20 kg
Q1 Q2

So, 20 kg of 2nd variety should be used in the mixture

Example
The average salary of entire office is Rs. 1000 / day. The average
salary of managers is Rs. 1600 / day, and salesman is Rs. 900 / day.
If the total employees in that office is 210. Then what is the number
of salesman?
Managers Salesmen
1600 900
(-) (-)
1000

100 : 600

Q1:Q2 1 : 6

So, In the office Manager : Salesmen ratio = 1:6

(i.e) 210 employees will be in the ratio 1:6

So, 30 managers and 180 salesmen will be there
Example
A merchant has 1000 kg of sugar part of which he sells at 8% profit and
the rest at 18% profit. He gains 14% on the whole. The quantity sold at
18% profit is
A. 300 B. 400
C. 600 D. 500

Profit 1 Profit 2 So, 1000 kg will be in the ratio

8% 18%
8% : 18%
(-) (-) 2 : 3
14%
400 : 600
kg : kg
4% : 6%
So, Quantity sold at 18% profit is 600 kg
2 : 3
Example
A class average mark in an exam is 70. The average of students who
scored below 60 is 50. The average of students who scored 60 or more is
75. If the total number of students in this class is 20, how many students
scored below 60?
Less than 60 More than 59
50 75
(-) (-)
70

5 : 20

1 : 4

So, 20 students will be in the ratio 1:4 below and above 60 respectively

70 x 20 = 50 x + 75 (20 – x)
(i.e) 4 : 16  4 students scored below 60
1400 = 50 x + 1500 – 75 x
-100 = - 25 x
4=x
Example
How much water must be added to 150 litres of milk at 3 litres for
Rs.70/- So as to have a mixture worth Rs.50 per 3 litre ?

Water Milk
70
0
3
(-) 5 0 (-)
3
20 : 50
3 3
Then 2 units is 20 : 50
60 liters 2 : 5 5 Units is 150 liters of milk

Then, 1 unit in the ratio is

= 30
So, 60 liters water should be added
Example
Two bag contains different kinds of rice. The first bag contains
40% of worst quality and the rest good quality. The second bag
contains 60% of worst quality. How much rice should be mixed
from each of the container so as to get 63 kg of rice such that
the ratio of worst quality to good quality is 3:4 ?

The ratio of rice to be taken from Bag 1 and 2

Bag 1 Bag 2 is 6 : 1
40 60
And we want 63 kgs in total
100 100
(-) 3 (-) So, 63 kgs will be divided in the ratio 6 : 1
7 63
20 Bag 1 : Bag 2 =9
120 7
: 70 0 54 : 9
70 0
12 : 2
6 : 1
Example
Two bag contains different kinds of rice. The first bag contains
40% of worst quality and the rest good quality. The second bag
contains 60% of worst quality. How much rice should be mixed
from each of the container so as to get 63 kg of rice such that
the ratio of worst quality to good quality is 3:4 ?

=A
= The ratio of rice to be taken from Bag 1 and 2
is 6 : 1
4.2Q2 - 3Q2 = 3Q1 - 2.8Q1 And we want 63 kgs in total
1.2Q2 = 0.2Q1 So, 63 kgs will be divided in the ratio 6 : 1
=
63
Bag 1 : Bag 2 =9
7
54 : 9
Example
Two trains running in opposite directions cross a man standing on
the platform in 27 seconds and 17 seconds respectively and they
cross each other in 23 seconds. The ratio of their speeds is:

L1 L2 L 1+ L2
=𝑆 1 =𝑆 2 = 𝑆1+ 𝑆 2
27 17 23
Train 1 Train 2
L1 𝐿2=17 𝑆 2 27 17
27  S1+ 17 S 2 (-) (-)
23
= 𝑆 1+𝑆 2 23
27  S 1 + 17 S2 = 23  S1 + 23  S 2 6 : 4
4 S1 = 6 S2 3 : 2

S1 6 3
= =
𝑆2 4 2