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G.Narendra
Unit-III: Pulse Digital Modulation
PCM - Basic Elements
G.Narendra
Unit-III: Pulse Digital Modulation
PCM - Basic Elements
G.Narendra
Unit-III: Pulse Digital Modulation
PCM - Quantization
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Unit-III: Pulse Digital Modulation
PCM - Encoder
No. of Bits = n
No. of Levels (L)=2n
Step size Δ = (Vmax–Vmin)/L
G.Narendra
Unit-III: Pulse Digital Modulation
PCM – Advantages and Drawbacks
Advantages:
It is robust against noise and interference and Secure data Transmission.
Uniform transmission quality.
Efficient SNR and bandwidth trade off.
Easy to add or drop channels and It offers efficient regeneration .
Disadvantages:
Overload appears when modulating signal changes between samplings, by
an amount greater than the size of the step.
Large bandwidth is required for transmission.
Noise and crosstalk leaves low but rises attenuation.
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Unit-III: Pulse Digital Modulation
DPCM – Differential Pulse Code Modulation
PCM Encoded information contains redundance for the highly correlated
samples.
A wise decision to take a predicted sampled value, assumed from its
previous output and summarize them with the quantized values.
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Unit-III: Pulse Digital Modulation
DPCM – Transmitter
Quantization Error
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Unit-III: Pulse Digital Modulation
DPCM – Receiver
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Unit-III: Pulse Digital Modulation
DM (Delta Modulation)
The sampling rate of a signal should be higher than the Nyquist
rate, to achieve better sampling.
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Unit-III: Pulse Digital Modulation
DM (Delta Modulation) - Transmitter
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Unit-III: Pulse Digital Modulation
DM (Delta Modulation) - Receiver
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Unit-III: Pulse Digital Modulation
DM (Delta Modulation)
Advantages of DM Over DPCM:
1-bit quantizer.
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Unit-III: Pulse Digital Modulation
ADM (Adaptive Delta Modulation)
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Unit-III: Pulse Digital Modulation
ADM (Adaptive Delta Modulation)
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End of III-Unit