Understanding Culture,

Society and Politics

This subject focus on the
three major branches of
Social Science.

Sociology

Anthropology

Political Science

Overview of the Subject

SOCIOLOGY
 Sociology is the study of

“scientific study of society,

including patterns of social

relationships, social

interactions, and culture”.

 Or the Study of Society

Overview of the Subject

ANTHROPOLOGY
 Humans studying humans.

Anthropology promotes a holistic

study of humans. Derived from

the greek word antropos means

human and logos means study

 Study of human past and present

Overview of the Subject

POLITICAL SCIENCE
 Political Science comes from the Greek words

“polis” – refers to the city state in ancient

Greece and “scire”- means to know.

Combining the two meanings, political science

aims to know the activities within the state.

Such activities include the following: human

interaction and conflict, human and state

relations, and power distribution.

Overview of the Subject

Understanding Culture,
Society and Politics
MODULE 1:
HUMAN VARIATON
1. Demonstrate curiosity and an
openness to explore the origins and
dynamics of culture, society and
political identity.
2. Value cultural relativism and
ethnocentrism.
3. Understand the difference of every
individual in the complex whole
4. Recognize the value of sociology for
the 21st century.
 Nationality

is the identity that is tied to

being part of a nation or country

– a ‘’group of people who share

the same history, traditions and

language’’ and who inhabits in a

particular territory delineated by

a political border and controlled

by the government.
Ethnic Groups
within the nation these are the

smaller cultural groups that

share specific environments,

traditions and histories that

are not necessarily subscribed

by the mainstream culture.

SOCIAL DIFFERENCES
 HETEROSEXUAL a person with this gender is
inclined to be sexually attracted to a person of
the opposite sex
 HOMOSEXUAL person that is sexually attracted
to the same sex.
◦ GAY- romantically and sexually attracted to
male.
◦ LESBIAN - romantically and sexually attracted
to female.

TYPES OF GENDER
BISEXUAL individuals who are attracted to
the opposite sex.
ASEXUAL totally incapable of being
attracted to any sex
POLYSEXUAL attracted to multiple types of
gender identity.
PANSEXUAL accomodates all types of
gender.

TYPES OF GENDER
POLITHEISM
 ETHNOCENTRISM
is perspective that promotes an

individuals culture as the most

efficient and superior hence the

individual who exhibit

ethnocentrism feels than his or

her culture is the most

appropriate as compared to

other cultures.

CULTURAL VARIATION
 CULTURAL RELATIVISM

promotes the perspective that

cultures must be understood

in the context of their locality.

Using this perspective makes

you tolerant of the differing

attitudes and practices of

others.

CULTURAL VARIATION
 XENOCENTRISM
Is a belief that your culture
is inferior to others

CULTURAL VARIATION