PRASENTATION -1

RISK ANALYSIS
BY
GUKAN T
7376224IS106
Questions-1
Explain HAZOP study with suitable example
with parameter Temperature and flow using guide
word Less ?
 HAZOP
•HAZARD OPERABILITY ANALYSIS(HAZOP)
•It is a systematic critical examination of the process and engineering
intentions to assess the hazard potential of Mal-operation or Mal-
functions of individual item of equipment and the consequential effect
on facilities as a whole.
This is mainly used in chemical process industries.
Key terms
• Intention: This defines how the part is expected to operate.
• Deviation: These are the departures from the intentions which are
discovered by systematically applying the guide words.
• Causes: These are the reasons why deviations might occur.
• Consequences: These are the results of deviation as they occur.
• Hazards: These are the consequences which can cause damage, injury
or loss.
• Guide Words: These are applied to the design intention.
 GUIDE WORDS USED FOR HAZOP
GuideSTUDY
Words Meaning Comment
NO/NONE The complete negation of the No part of the intention is achieved but
intentions nothing else happened.
MORE/LESS Quantitative increase or decrease These refers to quantitative and
properties such as flow rates,
temperature as well as activities
like heat reaction.

AS WELL AS A Qualitative increase All the design and the operating

intentions are achieved together with
some additional activity.

PART OF A Qualitative decrease Only some of the intentions are

achieved, someare not.
REVERSE The logical opposite of intention This is mostly applicable to activities,
for e.g. Reverse flow or chemical
reactions.

OTHER THAN Complete substitution of intention No part of the original intention is

achieved ,something quite different
happened.
The HAZOP procedure uses the following
steps to complete an analysis:
1. Begin with a detailed flow sheet. Break the flow sheet into number of process units.
Example the reactor area might be one unit, and the storage tank another. Select a
unit
for study.
2. Choose a study node (vessel, line).
3. Describe the design intent of the study node. For example, vessel V-1 is designed
to
store the benzene feedstock and provide it on demand to the reactor.
4. Pick a process parameter: flow, level, temperature, pressure, concentration, pH,
viscosity, agitation, volume, reaction.
5. Apply a guide word to the process parameter to suggest possible deviations.
6. If the deviation is applicable, determine possible causes and note any protective
systems.
7. Evaluate the consequences of the deviation.
8. Recommend action (what? by whom? by when?)
9. Record all information.
10. Repeat steps 5 through 9 until all applicable guide words have been
applied to the
chosen process parameter.
11. Repeat steps 4 through 10 until all applicable process parameters
have been
considered for the given study node.
12. Repeat steps 2 through 11 until all study nodes have been
considered for the given
section and proceed to the next section on the flow sheet.
Example-1: Consider a plant in which chemicals A and B react together to
form a product C. Let us suppose that the chemistry of the process is such
that the concentration of raw material B must never exceed that of A,
otherwise an explosion may occur.
Parameter Guide Words Deviation Possible causes Consequences Safeguards

Flow from tank A

Flow Less Less flow Valve slightly More material B Level

closed. in the reactor indicator in
• Pipeline partly which indeed tank A for
blocked. results in operator to
• Pump fails to explosion. understand.
produce full • Stand by
flow due to pump
corrosion of installation.
impeller. • Flow
• Pump fails to indicator in
produce full transfer line.
flow due to • Pressure
valve failure. gauge in
transfer line.
• Regular
maintenance
Parameter Guide Words Deviation Possible causes Consequences Safeguards

Flow from tank A

Pressure Less Less Pressure • Operation • Low pressure in • Flow

defect of pipeline A. indicator in
pump. • Low product A transfer line
• Pipeline partly to A for
blocked. reactor tank. operator to
• Partial opening • Fire explosion understand.
of valv due to low • Pressure
quantity of gauge in
product A transfer line
THANK YOU