Part- 4 Ship systems of construction

NAM162

Part(4) Stiffening Systems

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Marine Engineering Dep. Nasser Faculty of Engineering

 Steel sections
Rolled and heavy sections

L shape

Offset bulb

I sections used as columns

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Different steel sections

Marine Engineering Dep. Nasser Faculty of Engineering

 STEEL SECTIONS

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Marine Engineering Dep. Nasser Faculty of Engineering

 Part- 4 Ship systems of construction

1-Ship Plates 1 9 L
1-Deck plate
1-Sheer strake plates
3- Side plates
2
4-Bilge plates
5-Bottom plate
6-Garboard strakes
7-Keel plates
8-Tank top plates
9- Deck Stringer 3
10-Bulkhead plates
11-Margin
plate ?? 8
12-Shell plates are
all
4

5
6
7
2- Stiffeners (Long system)
L

1 Deck Longitudinal
2 Deck girders
3 Side Longitudinal
4Deck transvers (heave beam )
5- Bottom girders
6 Bottom Longitudinal
7 Floors
8 Side stringers

B/2

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Marine Engineering Dep. Nasser Faculty of Engineering

 Part- 4 Ship systems of construction

3-Stiffeners (Trans system)

9- Beams
10-Frames L
11-Deck transverse
12-Side stringers
13- Web frame (heavy frames)
14-floors

B/2

B/2

4- Brackets
1. Knee
bracket
2. Tripping

brackets
3. Bilge
brackets
4. Side
brackets
5.Gusset bracket
6.
beam bracke
frame

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 Part- 4 Ship systems of construction

Stiffening systems: A plate BxL is stiffened as

Frame space
From 0.8-1.2m

Heavy Heavy
sectio sectio

light
light
section
section

Frame
space

Transverse
space

B B

Transverse stiffening Longitudinal stiffening

Beams Longitudinals

Heavy beams(D transverse) Heavy beams(D transverse)

Girders Girders

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Marine Engineering Dep. Nasser Faculty of Engineering

 Part- 4 Ship systems of construction

Heavy stiffening members

Deck girders

Deck transverse

Side stringer

Bottom girders

1- Light stiffening members 2- Heavy stiffening

1- For transverse system For both transverse

 Beams at deck and longitudinal
 Frames at sides
systems
 Inverse bottom frames
 Bracket floor
 Long deck girders
 Deck transverse at each 3
frame space
 Web frame at each 3 frames
2- For Longitudinal system  Long. bottom girder
 Deck Longs at deck  Solid floor at each frame
 Side Longs at side space
 Bottom longs at bottom
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Marine Engineering Dep. Nasser Faculty of Engineering

 Part- 4 Ship systems of construction

Stiffened plate panels

1- Side construction 2- Stiffened Deck
L
L
B

S stringer

Beams
D D. girder

Frames

Transverse Sys.

L
B

longitudinals
D D. Transverse
D. girder

Web frame

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Longitudinal Sys.

Marine Engineering Dep. Nasser Faculty of Engineering

 Part- 4 Ship systems of construction

Systems of Construction
1-Transversly system of construction
This system is a series of closely spaced frames. This system
comprising frames, floors and longitudinal girders. The system is
suitable for small ships such as Tugs fishing vessels. The system is
supporting transverse and hydrostatic pressure loads.

Q1:Where, floors, inverse frames, web and ordinary frames , and

girders?

S stringer

Girders
2

Transverse system-
 1- beams at deck and frames at side each (800- 1000mm)
 2- inverse frames at bottom each (800- 1000mm)
 Side stringers at side
 Long. girders at deck and bottom
 web frames +deck transvers + floors after 3 frames
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Marine Engineering Dep. Nasser Faculty of Engineering

 Part- 4 Ship systems of construction
Sections

Beams

Frames

Inverse frame

VT section at ordinary section

Deck transverse

Web frame

Solid floor

VT section at heavy section

Repeated each 3 ordinary frame

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Marine Engineering Dep. Nasser Faculty of Engineering

 Part- 4 Ship systems of construction

Transverse cycles

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Marine Engineering Dep. Nasser Faculty of Engineering

 Part- 4 Ship systems of construction

2-Longitudinally system of construction

This system is a series of closely spaced longitudinal stiffeners. This system

comprising longitudinal , floors and widely deep transverse frames. This system
saving weight, give adequate longitudinal strength. This system is applied for
long ships where, acting bending moment is dominant loading. It is not applied
for G. Cargo ships.

Tankers, Container , passenger ships are adopted

Q2:Where, floors longitudinals, web, and girders?

Deck girder
Deck long

Side stringer

Side long

Bottom girder

Bottom long

Double side –bottom tanker

1-Longitudinals at deck , side and bottom each Long space

2-Long. girders at deck and bottom

3 Side stringers
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4 web frames +deck transvers + floors after 3frames

Marine Engineering Dep. Nasser Faculty of Engineering

 Part- 4 Ship systems of construction

Sections

Deck longitudinal

Side longitudinal

Bottom
longitudinal

VT section at ordinary frame

Deck transverse

Web frame

Solid floor

VT section at heavy section

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Repeated each 3 ordinary frame

Marine Engineering Dep. Nasser Faculty of Engineering

 Part- 4 Ship systems of construction

3-Combined system of construction

This system has both advantages of the above systems.

The deck and bottom are longitudinally stiffened, while sides are
transversely stiffened. This system is mainly applied at bulk carriers and
passenger ships

The system combines advantages of long. and transverse systems

Q3:Difine advantages of each system and its applications and causes?

1- VT section at ordinary frames

2- VT section at web frames

Bulk carrier
1 Longitudinal at deck and bottom
2 Frames at sides
3 Side stringer at side
4 Long girders at deck and bottom

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Marine Engineering Dep. Nasser Faculty of Engineering

 Part- 4 Ship systems of construction

Deck longitudinal

Frame

Bottom
longitudinal

VT section at ordinary frame

Deck transvers

Web Frame

Solid floor

VT section at heavy section

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Marine Engineering Dep. Nasser Faculty of Engineering

 Part- 4 Ship systems of construction

Functions of structural members

1. Bracket : support the girder, etc
2. Bulkheads : a vertical partition between compartments
3. Center girder : a heavy longitudinal member provide longitudinal
strength
4. Floor : A vertical member in the double-bottom along the breadth .
It will run from the center girder out to the margin plate on either
side of the vessel.
5. Frame : Internal support member for the side plating. It runs from
deck to bottom (along the depth)
6. Side stringer : A heavy long member sited in the side and connect
frames
7. Beam : An ordinary member support the deck along the breadth
8. Gusset : triangular plate for joining angle bar to a plate
9. Intercostals Side girder : A side longitudinal girder sited either side
of
i. the keel. Integral connection with the tank top and the ship’s
bottom plating and rigidly connected by floors
10.Keels : center line plate from stem to the stern frame.

Flat plate keels – Generally used keel. Center girder is

attached to the keel and inner bottom plating by continuous
welding and no scallops permitted
ii. Duct keels – a form of flat plate keel with tow center girder.
Often fitted between collision bulkhead and forward engine
room bulkhead to provide tunnel for pipes and additional
buoyancy.
11. Lightening holes – holes cut into floors or intercostals to reduce
weight and to provide access to tank areas
12..Bottom Longitudinal : A fore and aft strength member connecting
the athwartships floors. It must be continuous for ships.
13.Margin plate : a fore and aft plate sited at the turn of the bilge. The
upper edge is normally flanged to allow connection to the tank top
plating, while the opposite end is secured to the inside of the shell
plate by an angle-bar connection. It provides an end seal to the
double bottom tanks, having all the floors joining at right angles,
up to the collision bulkhead.
14.Panting beams : athwartships members in the forepart introduced
to reduce the in & out tendency of the shell plating, caused by
varying water pressure on the bow.
15.Panting stringers : internal horizontal plates secured to the shell
plating and braced athwartships by the panting beams.
16.Scantlings – used to indicate the thickness of plates, angles and
flanges.
Nasser 17.Sheer strake: the continuous row2020 of shell plates on a level with the 16
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uppermost continuous deck.

Marine Engineering Dep. Nasser Faculty of Engineering

 Part- 4 Ship systems of construction

Members compensating stress

Heav Water Local Hog Dry-

Rackin y pressur & SF BM dockin Poundin Pantin
g g g
weig e Stres Sag g
ht s
Beam   
knee
Beams    
Bulkheads      
Decks     
Floors      
Frames    
Long'
girders     

Pillars    
Shell
plating          

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Marine Engineering Dep. Nasser Faculty of Engineering