Finite Element

Analysis
 Heat Conduction

Boundary Conditions
• Perfect insulation at r = Ri
𝑑𝑇
𝑘𝑟 =0 at r = Ri
Ri 𝑑𝑟
r
• Temperature is known at r = Ro
Ro 𝑇 ( 𝑅 𝑜 )=𝑇 𝑜

• Cross-section is axisymmetric Use governing equation

[ ( )]
• Boundary Conditions are also axisymmetric 1 𝑑 𝑑𝑇
• Material properties of axisymmetric − 𝑘𝑟 =𝑞 (𝑟 )
𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
• Loading conditions are axisymmetric
r = Radius
k = Thermal Conductivity
q = Thermal load/Heat
generation rate
 Heat Conduction
Use governing equation

[ (
1 𝑑 𝑑𝑇
)]

Temperature𝑇 ( 𝑟 )
− 𝑘𝑟 =𝑞 (𝑟 )
𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
Ro

Our Aim is to find

Ri Radius( 𝑟 ) Ro

1 2 3 4 5 …………………. n
(𝑟 )
Ri Ro
Break Domain into sub-domain
 Assigning Shape Functions and Amplitudes

1 2 3 4 5 …………………. N
(𝑟 )
Rih1 h2 h3 h 𝑁Ro

2 𝑇 1 ( 𝑟 ) =𝑇 11 𝜑 11 ( 𝑟 )+ 𝑇 12 𝜑 12 ( 𝑟 )+ 𝑇 13 𝜑 13 ( 𝑟 ) +… … … … … …+𝑇 1𝑛 𝜑 1𝑛 (𝑟 )

Interpolation Function/Shape Functions

Amplitude of function

𝑛 𝑛 𝑛

𝑇 1 ( 𝑟 ) =∑ 𝑇 𝜑 ( 𝑟 ) 𝑇 2 ( 𝑟 ) =∑ 𝑇 𝜑 ( 𝑟 )
1 1 2
𝑗
2
𝑗
𝑇 𝑁 ( 𝑟 ) =∑ 𝑇 𝜑 ( 𝑟 )
𝑁
𝑗
𝑁
𝑗
𝑗 𝑗
𝑗=1 𝑗=1 𝑗=1

𝑅𝑖 + 𝑅 𝑖 +h1 𝑅𝑖 + h1 𝑡𝑜 𝑅𝑖 +(h1 +h 2) 𝑅𝑜 +h 𝑁 𝑡𝑜 𝑅 𝑂
 Assigning Shape Functions and Amplitudes

1 2 3 4 5 …………………. N
(𝑟 )
Rih1 h2 h3 h 𝑁Ro
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑇 𝑁 ( 𝑟 ) =∑ 𝑇 𝜑 ( 𝑟 )
𝑁 𝑁
𝑇 1 ( 𝑟 ) =∑ 𝑇 𝜑 ( 𝑟 ) 𝑇 2 ( 𝑟 ) =∑ 𝑇 𝜑 ( 𝑟 )
1 1 2 2
𝑗 𝑗 𝑗 𝑗 𝑗 𝑗
𝑗=1 𝑗=1 𝑗=1

𝑅𝑖 + 𝑅 𝑖 +h1 𝑅𝑖 + h1 𝑡𝑜 𝑅𝑖 +(h1 +h 2) 𝑅𝑜 +h 𝑁 𝑡𝑜 𝑅 𝑂

First Element 2nd Element Nth Element

𝑛
𝑇 𝑒 ( 𝑟 ) =∑ 𝑇 𝜑 ( 𝑟 )
𝑒 𝑒
𝑗 𝑗
𝑗=1
eth Element
 Assigning Shape Functions and Amplitudes

1 2 3 4 5 …………………. N Total of n polynomial functions help

(𝑟 )
Rih1 h2 h3 h 𝑁Ro characterize how T varies over
eth element

𝑛
𝑇 𝑒 ( 𝑟 ) =∑ 𝑇 𝜑 ( 𝑟 )
𝑒 𝑒 eth
𝑗 𝑗 P1 he P2
𝑗=1
eth Element

• For linear element value of T is changing over its length We need to know T and P 1 and P2
• For Quadratic element We need to know T and P 1 , P2, P3

• n indicated the order of the element (n-1)

• and number of points per element
 Assigning Shape Functions and Amplitudes

1 2 3 4 5 …………………. N
(𝑟 )
Rih1 h2 h3 h 𝑁Ro
eth
𝑛
P1 he P2
𝑇 𝑒 ( 𝑟 ) =∑ 𝑇 𝜑 ( 𝑟 )
𝑒 𝑒
𝑗 𝑗 eth Element
𝑗=1

If the equation is not If the equation is not

Plug this in differential equations satisfied, we will get satisfied, we will get error
error

We integrate the error with some Assemble all these

other function/weight function over Algebraic equations at element level
an element equations to get assembly level
equations