CHEMICAL KINETICS

RATE LAW

SAI
Rate Law

Rate law explains the dependence of rate of reaction

(ROR) on concentration of species in reaction
Only Method
This dependence is very complex as it changes with
change in concentration of species
EXPERIMENTAL
We only study the simplest form of dependence
Rate Law
2 𝐴+𝐵 → 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡
Experimental [ A ]→ 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 ROR→𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 ROR  ∝  [ 𝐴]
[B]→ 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 ROR  ∝  ¿

ROR  ∝   [ 𝐴 ] ¿
ROR=𝑘 [ 𝐴 ] ¿

Guldberg and waage the law of mass action is the proposition that the rate of

Law of mass action

the chemical reaction is directly proportional to the
product of the activities or concentrations of the reactants
ROR=𝑘 ¿
Rate Law
2 𝐴+𝐵 → 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡
Experimental ROR   ∝  ¿ ROR  ∝  ¿

Rate law expression ROR=𝑘 ¿

[ 𝐴 ]=𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 [ 𝐵 ] =𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑜𝑓 𝐵
𝑥=𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤 .𝑟 .𝑡 𝐴 (−𝑣𝑒 ,0,+𝑣𝑒 , 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝑦=𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤 .𝑟 .𝑡 𝐵 (−𝑣𝑒 ,0,+𝑣𝑒 , 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝑥+ 𝑦 =𝑛(𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝑘=𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
Rate Law
𝑘=𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 ¿𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 / specific reaction constant

ROR=k ¿
𝑖𝑓 𝑡h𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑤 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦
[ 𝐴 ]= [ 𝐵 ] =1
ROR =𝑘
𝑅𝑂𝑅
¿¿
Rate Law
𝑘=𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 ¿𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 / specific reaction constant
𝑅𝑂𝑅
𝑘=
¿¿

𝑘=
( 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 −1
𝐿
𝑠  )
( )( )
𝑥 𝑦
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
𝐿 𝐿

( ) (
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
) ¿(
  𝑠
−1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
  𝑠
−1

𝐿 )
1 −𝑛
𝐿 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐿 −
𝑘= ¿ 𝑠
( 𝐿 ) ( 𝐿 )
𝑥+ 𝑦 𝑛
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
 Rate Law
𝑘=𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 ¿𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 / specific reaction constant

( )
1 −𝑛
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
𝑘=
𝐿
𝑠
−1
𝑂𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑘
𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 − 1
𝐿
𝑠

𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠 −1

( )
−1
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
−1
𝑠
𝐿

( 𝐿 )
−2
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
𝑡h𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠
−1
 Rate Law
𝑘=𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 ¿𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 / specific reaction constant

( )
1 −𝑛
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 −1 𝑄 . 𝑖𝑓 𝑘=3 ×10 −3 𝐿2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑒− 2 𝑠− 1 . 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡h𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑘= 𝑠
𝐿

( ) ( )
1 −𝑛 −2
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 −1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 −1
𝑠 ¿ 𝑠
𝐿 𝐿
1− 𝑛= − 2
𝑛= 3
𝑡h𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛