Unit – 6

Field Effect Transistor (FET) And MOSFET

CONSTRUCTION OF JFET

Figure 1: Symbol of n-channel FET Figure 2: Symbol of p-channel FET

PRINCIPLE OF JFET (n-Channel)

Drain characteristics of JFET

PRINCIPLE OF JFET (n-Channel)
When and
When and is decreased from zero
When and is increased from zero
When is negative and is increased

Drain characteristics of JFET

CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETERS OF JFET
1. Mutual conductance or transconductance,
𝑔 𝑚=
( )
𝜕𝐼𝐷
𝜕𝑉 𝐺𝑆 𝑉 𝐷𝑆
=
Δ 𝐼𝐷
Δ𝑉 𝐺𝑆
, 𝑤𝑖𝑡h 𝑉 𝐷𝑆 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
2. Drain resistance,
𝑟 𝑑=
( )
𝜕 𝑉 𝐷𝑆
𝜕 𝐼𝐷 𝑉 𝐺𝑆
=
Δ𝑉 𝐷𝑆
Δ 𝐼𝐷
, 𝑤𝑖𝑡h 𝑉 𝐺𝑆 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡

3. Drain conductance,

𝑔𝑑=
( )
𝜕 𝐼𝐷
𝜕 𝑉 𝐷𝑆 𝑉 𝐺𝑆
=
Δ𝐼𝐷
Δ𝑉 𝐷𝑆
, 𝑤𝑖𝑡h 𝑉 𝐺𝑆 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
4. Amplification factor,

𝜇=−
( )
𝜕 𝑉 𝐷𝑆
𝜕 𝑉 𝐺𝑆 𝐼𝐷
=−
Δ 𝑉 𝐷𝑆
Δ 𝑉 𝐺𝑆
, 𝑤𝑖𝑡h 𝐼 𝐷 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
Relationship among FET parameters or Relation between
𝐼 𝐷 = 𝑓 ( 𝑉 𝐷𝑆 ,𝑉 𝐺𝑆 )
Using Taylor’s theorem by considering fractional change in

( ) ( ) ( ) 𝝁=𝒓
𝜕 𝐼𝐷 𝜕 𝐼𝐷 𝛛𝑰𝑫 𝜇
Δ 𝐼 𝐷= Δ 𝑉 𝐷𝑆 + 𝚫 𝑽 𝑮𝑺 𝒈 𝒎 = = 𝑔𝑚
𝑟𝑑
𝜕 𝑉 𝐷𝑆 𝑉 𝐺𝑆 𝜕𝑉 𝐺𝑆 𝑉 𝐷𝑆 𝛛 𝑽 𝑮𝑺 𝑽 𝑫𝑺
× 𝒈𝒎
Δ 𝐼𝐷
( ) (𝚫 ) ( )
𝜕 𝐼𝐷 𝜕 𝐼𝐷
(𝛛 )
Δ𝑉 𝐷𝑆 𝒅
𝛛 𝑽 𝑫𝑺
= + 𝒓 𝒅=
𝚫 𝑽 𝑮𝑺 𝜕 𝑉 𝐷𝑆 𝑉 𝐺𝑆 𝑽 𝑮𝑺 𝜕 𝑉 𝐺𝑆 𝑉 𝐷𝑆 𝑰𝑫 𝑽 𝑮𝑺

(𝛛 )
Δ 𝐼𝐷 𝛛 𝑽 𝑫𝑺
If is constant, =0 𝝁=−
Δ 𝑉 𝐺𝑆 𝑽 𝑮𝑺 𝑰𝑫

0=
(
𝛛 𝑰𝑫
𝛛 𝑽 𝑫𝑺 ) (
𝑽 𝑮𝑺
𝚫 𝑽 𝑫𝑺
𝚫 𝑽 𝑮𝑺)(
+
𝛛 𝑰𝑫
𝛛 𝑽 𝑮𝑺 )𝑽 𝑫𝑺
0=
( )
𝟏
𝒓𝒅
(− 𝝁 ) + 𝒈𝒎
 𝟐 Shockley gives the equation of
Show that𝒈 𝒎 =|𝑽 | √ 𝑰 𝑫𝑺 × 𝑰 𝑫𝑺𝑺 drain characteristics2as:
𝑷
𝐼 𝐷𝑆
𝐼 𝐷𝑆𝑆 (
= 1−
𝑉 𝐺𝑆
𝑉𝑃 )
Characteristic is parabolic This resembles equation of
Decreasing the gate voltage parabola
from zero till is reduced to Equation of Parabola is given as
2
zero 𝑦 =𝑥

( )
2
𝑉 𝐺𝑆
𝐼 𝐷𝑆 =𝐼 𝐷𝑆𝑆 1−
𝑉𝑃
 ( ) ( )
2 2
𝑉 𝐺𝑆 𝐼 𝐷𝑆 𝑉 𝐺𝑆
𝐼 𝐷𝑆 =𝐼 𝐷𝑆𝑆 1− = 1−
𝑉𝑃 𝐼 𝐷𝑆𝑆 𝑉𝑃

√ ( )
Differentiating above equation with 𝐼 𝐷𝑆 𝑽 𝑮𝑺
respect to , = 𝟏−
𝐼 𝐷𝑆𝑆 𝑽𝑷
( () )
√
𝜕 𝐼 𝐷𝑆 𝑉 𝐺𝑆 1
=¿𝐼 𝐷𝑆𝑆 ×2 1− − 2 𝐼 𝐷𝑆𝑆 𝑰 𝑫𝑺
𝜕 𝑉 𝐺𝑆 𝑉𝑃 𝑉𝑃 ∴ 𝑔𝑚 =−
𝑉 𝑃 𝑰 𝑫𝑺𝑺
2 𝐼 𝐷𝑆𝑆
(
𝑉 𝐺𝑆
)
√
¿− 1− 𝟐
𝑉𝑃 𝑉𝑃 2 𝑰 𝑫𝑺𝑺 × 𝑰 𝑫𝑺
∴ 𝑔𝑚 =
∵ 𝑔𝑚 = (
𝜕 𝐼 𝐷𝑆
𝜕 𝑉 𝐺𝑆 )
𝑉 𝐷𝑆 ¿
−𝑉 𝑃
2
−𝑉 𝑃 √
𝑰 𝑫𝑺𝑺
𝐼 𝐷𝑆𝑆 × 𝐼 𝐷𝑆

𝑔 𝑚=−
2 𝐼 𝐷𝑆𝑆
𝑉𝑃
𝟏−
𝑽𝑷(
𝑽 𝑮𝑺
) 𝒈𝒎=
𝟐
|𝑽 𝑷|
√ 𝑰 𝑫𝑺 × 𝑰 𝑫𝑺𝑺
 ( ) ( )
2
𝟐 𝑰 𝑫𝑺𝑺 𝑉 𝐺𝑆 𝐼 𝐷𝑆 𝑉 𝐺𝑆
𝑔 𝑚=− 1− = 1−
𝑽𝑷 𝑉𝑃 𝐼 𝐷𝑆𝑆 𝑉𝑃

√
Let when

𝑔 𝑚 0=−
2 𝐼 𝐷𝑆𝑆
(
1−
0
)
𝐼 𝐷𝑆
𝐼 𝐷𝑆𝑆
= 1−
(𝑉 𝐺𝑆
𝑉𝑃 )
√
𝑉𝑃 𝑉𝑃
2 𝐼 𝐷𝑆𝑆 𝐼 𝐷𝑆
𝟐 𝑰 𝑫𝑺𝑺 ∴ 𝑔𝑚 =−
𝑔 𝑚 0=− 𝑉 𝑃 𝐼 𝐷𝑆𝑆

√
𝑽𝑷 2
2 𝐼 𝐷𝑆𝑆 × 𝐼 𝐷𝑆
∴ 𝑔𝑚 =
𝑔 𝑚=𝒈𝑚 0
( 1−
𝑉 𝐺𝑆
𝑉𝑃 ) −𝑉 𝑃
2
𝐼 𝐷𝑆𝑆
√
√
¿ 𝐼 𝐷𝑆𝑆 × 𝐼 𝐷𝑆
𝐼 𝐷𝑆 −𝑉 𝑃
𝑔 𝑚=𝒈𝑚 0 𝟐
𝐼 𝐷𝑆𝑆 𝒈𝒎= √ 𝑰 𝑫𝑺 × 𝑰 𝑫𝑺𝑺
|𝑽 𝑷|