Industrial consumer

Presented by : Sahidul Rahaman Sekh

Department : Electrical Engineering

Roll No.-24001621041

Sem : 7th
Subject- Principle of Management

Subject code- PE-EE-701C

Electricity customers

• Residential, commercial, and industrial customers each account for

roughly one-third of the nation’s electricity use. The transportation sector
accounts for a small fraction of electricity use, though this fraction could
increase as electric vehicles become more widespread. All types of end-
users can reduce electricity use through energy efficiency.

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• Residential Customers
• The residential sector includes single-family homes and multi-family housing,
and it accounts for more than a third of the electricity used nationwide. As the
graph shows, on average, the biggest single uses of electricity in the
residential sector are space heating and cooling (air conditioning), lighting,
water heating, space heating, and appliances and electronics. Electricity
demand in the residential sector tends to be highest on hot summer afternoons
due to increased air conditioning use, followed by evenings, when lights are
turned on.
• Commercial Customers
• The commercial sector includes government facilities, service-providing
facilities and equipment, and other public and private organizations. This
sector accounts for more than a third of U.S. electricity consumption. As the
graph shows, on average, the biggest single uses of electricity in the
commercial sector are lighting and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.
Electricity demand in the commercial sector tends to be highest during
operating business hours; it decreases substantially on nights and weekends.
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• Industrial Customers
• Industrial customers’ facilities and equipment use electricity for
processing, producing, or assembling goods, including such diverse
industries as manufacturing, mining, agriculture, and construction.
Overall, this sector uses less than a third of the nation’s electricity. Data
on specific end-uses are available from a broad nationwide survey of
manufacturing facilities, which found that more than half of the
electricity used in manufacturing goes to powering various motors
(machine drive). Other sizable uses include heating, cooling, and electro-
chemical processes in which electricity is used to cause a chemical
transformation (for example, the processes that produce aluminum metal
and chlorine). Electricity use in the industrial sector tends not to
fluctuate through the day or year as in the residential and commercial
sectors, particularly at manufacturing facilities that operate around-the-
clock.
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 UTILIZATION IN INDUSTRY
• Most industries purchase electricity from electric utilities or independent power producers. In
addition, some industrial facilities also generate electricity for their own use using fuels that
they purchase and/or the residues from their industrial processes. For example, many paper
mills have combined heat and power plants that may burn purchased natural gas or coal and 
black liquor produced in their mills for process heat and to generate electricity. Some
manufacturers produce electricity with solar photovoltaic systems located on their properties.
Some industrial facilities sell some of the electricity that they generate.
• Industry uses fossil fuels and renewable energy sources for:
• Heat in industrial processes and space heating in buildings
• Boiler fuel to generate steam or hot water for process heating and generating electricity
• Feedstocks (raw materials) to make products such as plastics and chemicals
• The industrial sector uses electricity for operating industrial motors and machinery, lights,
computers and office equipment, and equipment for facility heating, cooling, and ventilation.

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 UTILIZATION IN INDUSTRY
• Within the industrial sector, manufacturing accounts for the largest share of annual industrial energy
consumption, generally followed by mining, construction, and agriculture. Mining includes extraction
of minerals, nonmineral products such as stone and gravel, coal, oil, and natural gas. Agriculture
includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Manufacturing is the physical, mechanical, or chemical
transformation of materials or substances into new products. The U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA) makes projections for energy consumption by these four major industrial
activities in the Annual Energy Outlook, which include the types and amounts of energy use by type of
industry and manufacturers.
• Percentage shares of industrial energy consumption by the four major types of industries in
the Annual Energy Outlook 2022 Reference case for 2021:
• manufacturing81%
• mining9%
• construction6%
• agriculture3%

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 UTILIZATION IN INDUSTRY
• The top 4 industries that consume the most energy
• 1. Chemical Industry
• The chemical industry is very diverse, with many companies producing thousands of products.
Despite this, a small number of products account for a large portion of the energy
consumption. These products include ammonia, chlorine and alkalines, ethylene, and other
petrochemical intermediates.
• 2. Petroleum and Coal Industry
• This manufacturing subsector is the process of transforming crude petroleum and coal into
usable products. This includes the process of cracking and distillation of petroleum into
component products, creation of lubricating oils, asphalt coatings, etc.
• 3. Paper Industry
• The energy use in the paper industry is split about in half between papermaking and pulping.
Energy is used in the pulping of wood to prepare the fiber, which is then turned into paper.
• 4. Primary Metals Industry
• The primary metal manufacturing subsector consists of iron and steel mills, alumina and
aluminum production and processing, foundries, etc.
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