Advanced Mathematics

Higher Mathematics I
Advanced Mathematics

Polar Form of Complex Number

 Polar Form
Complex number can be written in two ways,
called rectangular form and polar form.
Rectangular:

To convert from one from to the other, use Euler’s

formula.
Polar:
 Polar Form

The Polar Form of a complex number is

denoted by:
 Polar Form
Euler's Formula on that graph produces a circle:

At

At

At

At
 Polar Form
Example:
Find the Polar Form of a Complex Number .
 Polar Form
Solution:
For r
 Polar Form
For θ
 Polar Form
Since is in the fourth quadrant, so

Hence, the Polar form is represented:

)
 Polar Form
Example:
Find the Polar Form of .
 Polar Form
Solution:
For r
 Polar Form
Since is in the positive horizontal x-axis, so

Hence, the Polar form is represented:

)
 Polar Form
Example:
Find the Rectangular Form of .
 Polar Form
Solution:
For r
Advanced Mathematics

Multiplication and Division of Polar Form

Multiplication and Division of Polar Form
Rectangular Form is best for adding and
subtracting complex numbers as we saw before,
but polar form is often better for multiplying and
dividing.
Multiplication of Polar Form
Multiplication in Polar Form
 Division of Polar Form
Division in Polar Form
Complex Conjugate in Polar Form
If the given complex number in polar form is

Then the complex conjugate

 Polar Form
Example:
Evaluate the product of and
.

Solution:
 Polar Form
Example:
Evaluate the quotient of and
.

Solution:
Polar Form
Advanced Mathematics

Integer Power of Complex Number

Integer Power of Polar Form
Let z be a complex number in polar form,

n is a relative integer then, according to Abraham

De Moivre’s Formula

Abraham de Moivre was a French

mathematician known for de Moivre's formula, a
formula that links complex numbers and
trigonometry.
Integer Power of Polar Form
Example:
Evaluate .

Solution:
Integer Power of Polar Form
Example:
Evaluate

Solution:
For
Integer Power of Polar Form
For

Then
Integer Power of Polar Form
The End