WELCOME to

Class
Hi !
I’m Maam Mench
 CLASSROOM ROUTINES AND PROCEDURES

 Show respect by listening to the teacher and to the one

who is talking.
 There should be no cross-room conversations during
work time.
 Be responsible in completing the task.
 Always observe social distancing.
 Wear your facemask properly.
MELC
•Differentiate basis features and importance of
photosynthesis and respiration.

The learners should be able to :

1. Identify the structure of the leaf and chloroplast;
2. Describe the plant structures involved in
photosynthesis.
eLICIT
 What can you do help solve this environmental problems?
 What can you do help solve this environmental problems?
 What can you do help solve this environmental problems?
 What can you do help solve this environmental problems?
engage
explore
 Let’s Be PARTicular!
Label the parts of the internal structure of a leaf and the chloroplast. Choose your answers
inside the box. Write your answer on a separate paper.
A. Internal structure of a leaf
cuticle palisade mesophyll layer stomata xylem guard cell
phloem upper epidermis lower epidermis spongy mesophyll layer veins
 Let’s Be PARTicular!
cuticle palisade mesophyll layer stomata xylem guard cell
phloem upper epidermis lower epidermis spongy mesophyll layer veins
CUTICLE

UPPER
EPIDERMIS
PALISADE XYLEM
MESOPHYLL
LAYER VEINS

SPONGY PHLOEM
MESOPHYLL
LAYER

LOWER
EPIDERMIS

STOMATA GUARD CELLS

B. Chloroplast
granum outer membrane thylakoid lumen
stroma intermembrane space thylakoid inner
membrane
INTERMEMBRANE OUTER MEMBRANE
SPACE

INNER MEMBRANE

THYLAKOID LUMEN

THYLAKOID
GRANUM STROMA
explain
Leaf Structures
Leaves are the plants “food supply factory.”
In higher plants the leaf structures is adapted to maximize
light absorption and carbon dioxide diffusion.
 Leaf structures
• Veins (xylem and phloem)
• Mesophyll
Palisade layer (parenchyma
cells)
Spongy Layer
• Cuticle
• Upper and Lower epidermis
• Stomates
• Guard cells
Veins (xylem and phloem)
 This
is a network that acts like a plumbing system that supplies
water and minerals to the leaf and that carries the products of
photosynthesis away to other parts of the plant.
 Xylem: carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the
leaves
 Phloem: carries the food made
in the leaves to the rest of the
plant
 Mesophyll

The green leaf cells between the upper and

lower epidermis of a leaf which is loaded
with chloroplasts.
The mesophyll consists of 2 layers:
Palisade layer (parenchyma cells)
Spongy Layer
Palisade layer (parenchyma cells)
 Thislayer is found right below the upper epidermis, which is made
of parenchyma cells.
 Most photosynthesis in plants takes place in the palisade layer of
the leaves
Spongy Layer
 Thislayer is found below the palisade layer and above the lower
epidermis, which contains many air spaces.
 The spongy layer is involved in gas exchange.
Cuticle
 This is a thin non-living waxy substance that covers leaves.
 Thecuticle helps reduce water loss and protection from most
bacteria, fungi, and insects.
Upper and Lower epidermis
 This is a single layer of cells, which covers the upper and lower surfaces of
leaves.
 The epidermis also provides protection to the leaves from most bacteria,
fungi, and insects.
Stomates
 Are minute pores found in the epidermis of leaves, which allows diffusion of
gases in and out.
 During the day, stomata absorb carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen
and water.
 Evaporation of water from the leaf is referred to as transpiration, is the major
source of water loss in leaves.
Guard cells
 Are two bean-shaped cells that surround the stomata.
 The guard cells control the size of the stomata.
 When the guard cells swell, the stomata open.
 When the guard cells shrink, the stomata close.
Chloroplast
Chloroplast- a organelle in plant cells and algae that contain the
chlorophyll pigments and the enzyme systems for photosynthesis.
 Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll a light absorbing pigment that gives plants
their green color and converts the energy of sunlight to
food in the process known as photosynthesis.
elaborate

29
 Thin non living waxy substance
that covers leaves. Helps
reduce water less & protection
from bacteria, fungi, & insects
Thin non living waxy
substance that covers
leaves

Carries water & dissolved

minerals from the roots of
the leaves

Carries the food made in the

leaves to the rest of the plant

Pores found in the epidermis of

leaves which allows diffusion of
gases in and out
Green leaf cells between the upper
and lower epidermis of a leaf which
is loaded with chlorophyll
 Outer Membrane

Inner Membrane

Stroma
Lamellae
Thylakoid
Stroma
Intermembrane
space

Granum
evaluate
Direction: Unscramble the letters to form a word(s) that can
answer the questions that follows.

1.It is a specialized epidermal cells that can control the DRGAU

opening and closing of Stomata. LSCEL

2. It is a protective layer that covers plant epidermal cells. TECUILC

3. It is responsible for transporting water to the leaf. MXYEL

4. Important leaf boundary which help keep plant from MAEDELPRI

losing water. LELCS

5. It is responsible for transporting food (glucose) to the EPHMOL

different parts of the plants.
6. Pores found in the epidermis of the leaf which allows OTASAMT
diffusion of gases in and out.
7. These cells carry sugar and starch from the leaf down
through the stem and into the roots for storage.

8. A thin, waxy layer that covers the upper epidermis of the

leaf, preventing the loss of water.

9. This layer contains long columnar cells that are packed

tightly together. These cells contain chloroplasts and are the
main cells carrying out photosynthesis.

10. A single layer of clear cells that contains stomates and

guard cells.
 You Complete My Word
Identify and describe the plant structures involved in photosynthesis.
Plant Structure Description
Chloroplast 1.
2. A stack of thylakoids
Chlorophyll 3.
Mesophyll 4.
5. Transporting vessels of manufactured food and
water
6. The liquid-filled space surrounding the granum
Stomata 7.
Cuticle 8.
9. Regulates the opening and closing of the
stomata
Thylakoid 10.
extend
Multiple Choice
5. A single layer of clear cells that allows light to pass through and prevents the loss
of water.
a. Upper epidermis layer c. Spongy mesophyll layer
b. Lower epidermis layer d. Palisade layer

6. These cells carry water and minerals up from the roots through the stem and into
the leaf.
a. Phloem c. Cuticle
b. Stomate d. Xylem

7. An opening in the lower epidermis that allows carbon dioxide into the leaf and
water and oxygen out of the leaf. Transpiration is the loss of water by a leaf.
a. Phloem c. Cuticle
b. Stomate d. Xylem
True/False questions
8. Spongy mesophyll layer → This layer contains cells with chloroplasts
and is a major site of photosynthesis.
True        False
9.Guard cells → Pairs of these cells containing chloroplasts are found
on the lower epidermis of the leaf and are responsible for forming
stomates.
True        False
10. Air space → An opening in the lower epidermis that allows carbon
dioxide into the leaf and water and oxygen out of the leaf. Transpiration
is the loss of water by a leaf.
True        False
 
Identify the correct concepts about photosynthesis for
each item.
1. Chlorophyll is an important pigment for
photosynthesis to occur.
2. In the leaves, the epidermis has the most number of
chloroplasts.
3. The guard cell opens and closes the stroma.
4. Chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis in plants.
5. The chlorophyll is embedded into the membranes of
the thylakoids.
 Discovering Through Colors

Draw the picture below on a separate

paper. Color the structures on the
picture. Use the legend for the color of
each structure. Make sure the entire
picture is colored and the color matches
the structure.

Legend:
Cuticle – blue
Xylem - orange
Palisade mesophyll - dark green
Guard cells - pink
Spongy Mesophyll - light green
Vascular bundle- sky blue
Phloem – violet
Epidermis – yellow