CHAPTER 2

PROCESS OF DIGESTION
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 DIGESTION

• Process of breaking down food

into substances like
carbohydrates, proteins, fats
and vitamins that aid the body
in its different functions.
Parts of the Human Digestive System
MOUTH
• Digestion begins in the mouth where food is broken
down to pieces by chewing.
• Food mixes with saliva and broken down so that the
body can absorb and use
Parts of the Human Digestive System
THROAT
• Also known as pharynx
• Transfers food from the mouth to the esophagus
• Warms, moistens, and filters air before food is moved
into the trachea
Parts of the Human Digestive System
ESOPHAGUS
• Through peristalsis food goes to the stomach
• Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) closes to prevent
food from going back to the esophagus
Parts of the Human Digestive System
STOMACH
• Holds, mixes and grinds food
• Secretes acid and powerful enzymes that carry on
the process of breaking down food
• Food leaves the stomach in liquid or paste form and
moves to the small intestine
Parts of the Human Digestive System
SMALL INTESTINE
• Parts: duodenum, jejunum, ileum
• Duodenum – continuous the process of breaking down
food
• Jejunum/ileum – are responsible for the absorption of
nutrients into the bloodstream
• The stomach and the small intestine are supported by
three organs in digesting food: pancreas, liver, gallbladder
Parts of the Human Digestive System
PANCREAS
• Secretes enzymes into the small intestine which
breakdown protein, fats and carboydrates from food
Parts of the Human Digestive System
LIVER
• Produces and secretes bile which helps in digestion
and the absorption of fats and fat soluble vitamin.
• Cleanse and purifies the blood that comes from the
small intestine which contains the nutrients absorbed
from food
Parts of the Human Digestive System
GALLBLADDER
• Bile made in the liver are being stored in the
gallbladder through a cystic duct
• During meals it contract and sends bile into the small
intestine
• Leftover or waste are passed to the large intestine or
colon
Parts of the Human Digestive System
LARGE INTESTINE
• Parts: cecum, ascending,
transverse, descending,
sigmoid colon
• Stool passes by means of
contraction or peristaltic
movement first in liquid
then to solid form and
empties into the rectum
Parts of the Human Digestive System
RECTUM
• Receives stool from the colon and holds until
defecation
• Sensors send a message to the brain which decides if
the rectal contents can be released or not
• The sphincter relax and expel the contents
Parts of the Human Digestive System
ANUS
• Parts: pelvic floor muscle and 2 anal sphincter
• PFM – stops stool from coming out when it is not
supposed to
• Sphincter – provide control in the elimination of stool
EXERCISE
NO. 2