1

2 8 , 10
NUMBER SYSTEM
2 4 , 5
LCM AND HCF OF NUMBERS BY 2 2 , 5
5 1 , 5
COMMON DIVISION METHOD
1 , 1
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? What is HCF? Find the HCF of 32 and 16 by observation.

HCF (Highest Common Factor)

The largest number that completely divides the given numbers.

STEP 1 List down the factors of the numbers. Factors of 32 = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32.
Factors of 16 = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16.

STEP 2 Pick out the common factors. Common factors: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16.

Pick out the highest of the common The highest common factor of 32
STEP 3
factors. and 16 is 16. HCF = 16

? Is there any other method to find the HCF?

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HCF of 32 and 16 by prime factorisation.

STEP 1 Prime factorise the numbers. 2 32

2 16 2 16
2 8 2 8
STEP 2 Pick out the common factors.
2 4 2 4
2 2 2 2
Multiply the common factors to find
STEP 3 1 1
the HCF.

32 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 16 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2

Common Factors = 2, 2, 2, 2

HCF of 32 and 16 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
= 16
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? How many maximum teams can the coach make?

CONDITION 1 Each team should have same number of girls and boys.

CONDITION 2 Create the maximum number of teams.

60 girls 72 Boys

Find the HCF of 60 and 72.

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VIDEO
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VIDEO SUMMARY

HCF by Common Division Method

STEP 1 Divide the numbers with the smallest

2 36 , 48
prime number which should also be a
common factor of the numbers and 2 18 , 24
write the quotients in the next row. 3 9 , 12
3 , 4 We stop here
Dividing the numbers by common
STEP 2
prime factors of all the numbers.
Common Factors = 2, 2, 3
When there are no common factors,
STEP 3
stop the division.
HCF = 2 × 2 × 3
= 12
Multiply the common factors to get the
STEP 4
HCF.
HCF of 36 and 48 is 12.
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? How many maximum teams can the coach make?

Number of girls = 60 Number of boys = 72

2 60 , 72
STEP 1 Divide the numbers with the smallest 2 30 , 36
prime number which should also be a 3 15 , 18
common factor of the numbers and
write the quotients in the next row. 5 , 6

Dividing the numbers by common

STEP 2 Common Factors = 2, 2, 3
prime factors of all the numbers.
HCF of 60 and 72 = 2 × 2 × 3
When there are no common factors,
STEP 3 = 12
stop the division.

Multiply the common factors to get the The coach can make a maximum of 12 teams.
STEP 4
HCF.
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? Find the HCF of 45, 60 and 75 using the common division method. 

STEP 1 Divide the numbers with the smallest

prime number which should also be a 3 45 , 60 , 75
common factor of the numbers and 5 15 , 20 , 25
write the quotients in the next row.
3 , 4 , 5

Dividing the numbers by common

STEP 2
prime factors of all the numbers.
Common Factors = 3, 5
When there are no common factors,
STEP 3 HCF of 45, 60 and 75
stop the division.
=3×5
= 15
Multiply the common factors to get the
STEP 4
HCF.
HCF of 45, 60 and 75 is 15.
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IT’S ACTIVITY TIME!

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SOLUTION

? Fill in the blanks to complete the common division of 24 and 40 and find their HCF.

2 24 , 40
Common factors = 2, 2, 2
2 12 , 20
HCF of 24 and 40
2 6 10 =2×2×2
,
=8
3 , 5
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SOLUTION

? Fill in the blanks to complete the common division of 36, 48 and 96 and find their HCF.

2 36 , 48 , 96
Common factors = 2, 2, 3
2 18 , 24 , 48
HCF of 36, 48, and 96
3 9 12 24 =2×2×3
, ,
= 12
3 , 4 , 8
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12
ENERGISER
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? What is LCM? Find the LCM of 8 and 12 by observation.

LCM (Least Common Multiple)

The smallest number that is exactly divisible by each of the given numbers.

List down the multiples of the Multiples of 8 = 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56.
STEP 1
numbers. Multiples of 12 = 12, 24, 36, 48, 60.

STEP 2 Pick out the common multiples. Common multiples: 24 and 48

Pick out the smallest of the common The smallest of the common LCM = 24
STEP 3
multiples. multiples is 24.

? Is there any other method to find the LCM?

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LCM of 8 and 12 by prime factorisation

STEP 1 Prime factorise the numbers. 2 8 2 12

2 4 2 6
Pick out the factors common to all the 2 2 3 3
STEP 2
numbers. 1 1

STEP 3 Pick out the uncommon factors.

8=2×2×2 12 = 2 × 2 × 3
Multiply the common and uncommon
STEP 4 Common factors = Uncommon factors =
factors to find the LCM.
2, 2 2, 3

LCM = common factors x uncommon factors

= (2 x 2) x (2 x 3) = 24
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? After how many meters from the starting point will Vikram and Suraj face a hurdle
together?

0m 15 m 30 m 45 m

15 m 15 m 15 m

VIKRAM

0m 18 m 36 m 54 m

SURAJ

18 m 18 m 18 m
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? After how many meters from the starting point will LCM of 15 and 18 by
Vikram and Suraj face a hurdle together? common division method

Arrange the numbers in a row and

STEP 1 2 15 , 18
separate it by commas.
3 15 , 9
STEP 2 Divide by the smallest prime number
which divides at least one of the given 3 5 , 3
numbers. 5 5 , 1
1 , 1
Write the quotient just below the
STEP 3
numbers in the next row. Carry
forward the numbers which are not
divisible. Factors = 2, 3, 3, 5

Repeat steps 2 and 3 until we get 1 as LCM = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5

STEP 4 = 90
the quotient.

Multiply all the divisors or factors Vikram and Suraj will face a hurdle
STEP 5 together after 90 m.
together to get the LCM.
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? Find the LCM of 20, 30 and 45 by Common Division Method.

Arrange the numbers in a row and

STEP 1
separate it by commas. 2 20 , 30 , 45

Divide by the smallest prime number 2 10 , 15 , 45

STEP 2
which divides at least one of the given 3 5 , 15 , 45
numbers.
3 5 , 5 , 15
Write the quotient just below the 5 5 , 5 , 5
STEP 3
numbers in the next row. Carry
forward the numbers which are not 1 , 1 , 1
divisible.

Repeat steps 2 and 3 until we get 1 as Factors = 2, 2, 3, 3, 5

STEP 4
the quotient.
LCM = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5
Multiply all the divisors or factors = 180
STEP 5
together to get the LCM.
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SHALL WE PROCEED?
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IT’S ACTIVITY TIME!

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SOLUTION

? Fill in the blanks to complete the common division of 33 and 55 and find their LCM.

3 33 , 55
Factors = 3, 5, 11
5 11 , 55
LCM = 3 × 5 × 11
11 11 , 11 = 165

1 , 1
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MATH TALK

? What is the relationship between the product of numbers and their HCF and LCM?

HCF of 8 and 10 LCM of 8 and 10

2 8 , 10 2 8 , 10

4 , 5 2 4 , 5 Factors = 2, 2, 2, 5
2 2 , 5
LCM
5 1 , 5
Common factors = 2 =2×2×2×5
1 , 1 = 40
HCF = 2

Product of numbers = 8 × 10 = 80 Product of HCF and LCM = 2 × 40 = 80

RELATION :
Product of numbers = HCF × LCM
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IT’S ACTIVITY TIME!

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SOLUTION

? Below given are the jumbled steps to find HCF of two numbers by common division. Select
the correct step number from the dropdown in front of each step in the box provided.

STEP 1 Multiply the common factors to get the HCF. 4

Dividing the numbers by common prime factors of 2

STEP 2
all the numbers.

STEP 3 Divide the numbers with the smallest prime

1
number which should also be a common factor of
the numbers and write the quotients in the next
row.

When there are no common factors, stop the

STEP 4 3
division.
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SOLUTION

? Below given are the jumbled steps to find LCM of two numbers by common division.
Select the correct step number from the dropdown in front of each step in the box provided.

STEP 1 Repeat steps 2 and 3 until we get 1 as the quotient. 4

Arrange the numbers in a row and separate it by

STEP 2 1
commas.

STEP 3 Write the quotient just below the numbers in the

3
next row. Carry forward the numbers which are
not divisible.

Multiply all the divisors or factors together to get

STEP 4 5
the LCM.

Divide by the smallest prime number which

STEP 5 2
divides at least one of the given numbers.
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END-OF-CLASS
QUIZ!
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PRACTICE QUESTION 1

? Find the HCF of 15, 75 and 90 by common division method.

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SOLUTION

? Find the HCF of 15, 75 and 90 by common division method.

STEP 1 Divide the numbers with the smallest prime

number which should also be a common factor of 3 15 , 75 , 90
the numbers and write the quotients in the next 5 5 , 25 , 30
row.
1 , 5 , 6
Dividing the numbers by common prime factors of
STEP 2
all the numbers.

When there are no common factors, stop the Common Factors = 3, 5

STEP 3
division.
HCF of 15, 75 and 90
=3×5
STEP 4 Multiply the common factors to get the HCF. = 15

HCF of 15, 75 and 90 is 15.

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PRACTICE QUESTION 2

? Find the LCM of 16 and 35 by common division method.

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SOLUTION

? Find the LCM of 16 and 35 by common division method.

Arrange the numbers in a row and separate it by 2 16 , 35

STEP 1
commas.
2 8 , 35
Divide by the smallest prime number which 2 4 , 35
STEP 2
divides at least one of the given numbers.
2 2 , 35
STEP 3 Write the quotient just below the numbers in the 5 1 , 35
next row. Carry forward the numbers which are
not divisible. 7 1 , 7
1 , 1
STEP 4 Repeat steps 2 and 3 until we get 1 as the quotient.
Factors = 2, 2, 2, 2, 5, 7
Multiply all the divisors or factors together to get
STEP 5 LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 7
the LCM.
= 560
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PRACTICE QUESTION 3

? Find the LCM of 18, 24 and 48 by common division method.

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SOLUTION

? Find the LCM of 18, 24 and 48 by common division

method.
2 18 , 24 , 48
Arrange the numbers in a row and separate it by 2 9 , 12 , 24
STEP 1
commas.
2 9 , 6 , 12
Divide by the smallest prime number which 2 9 , 3 , 6
STEP 2
divides at least one of the given numbers.
3 9 , 3 , 3
STEP 3 Write the quotient just below the numbers in the 3 3 , 1 , 1
next row. Carry forward the numbers which are
not divisible. 1 , 1 , 1

STEP 4 Repeat steps 2 and 3 until we get 1 as the quotient. Factors = 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3

Multiply all the divisors or factors together to get LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3

STEP 5 = 144
the LCM.
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EXTRA QUESTIONS

? Find the HCF of 18 and 54 by common division method.

? Find the LCM of 36 and 48 by common division method.

? Find the HCF of 144, 182 and 192 by common division method.

? Find the LCM of 20, 24 and 96 by common division method.

? You are making goodie bags for a party. You have 36 pieces of gum, 18 tootsie rolls
and 9 candy canes. Each bag must have same stuff in it. What is the greatest number
of bags you can make?