First Aids Course

Presented by :
Dr. Hala Hamzawy
CONTENT
 FIRST AID BASICS
 WHAT IS YOUR ROLE AS A FIRST AIDER ?

 CAN ANY ONE DO FIRST AIDS ?

‘Before anything save yourself first’
Dogs bites { Rabies }

What is the meaning of Rabies and how

How to avoid dog’s bite ?
it happen?
● Rabies cycle
‫اوعى تجرى ي مجدااااااااااااااااااااى‬

● Effect on CNS SO ! What is the most

Symptoms and complications dangerous hand bite or leg bite ?

● Secondary bacterial infection ( chills ,fever etc..) ● Death may happen from days to months
tetanus
● Rabies ( CNS infection ) ● Dose a dog bite be sutured ( ‫? )ت تخيط‬
● Poisoning
● Paralysis
Vaccine of Rabies

● What is the first aid for this case ?

What do u think these numbers refer to?
● How many Injections should the patient takes
from this vaccine ?

● is that important to complete the course of

vaccine ? Mild , Moderate and Severe

● Availability and cost of vaccine in Egypt

● Can we used the vaccine For prophylaxis ?

 Snakes bite (911)
First Aids
● Calm the patient
● Remove any metals and rings from the
infected area
● Place the wound under water
● Bandage the injured area if bleeding
● Take a photo for the snake or keep it
● Transfer the injured quickly to the hospital
Symptoms and complication
● swelling, bleeding, or blistering around the bite.
● Severe pain and tenderness at the site of the bite ,
convulsions, Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
● breathing may stop 
● death from paralysis of the heart
Antivenom is monoclonal antibody
● Dilute one vial in 100mls of 0.9% saline and give IV
over 15-30 min
● Symptomatic treatment
● 10 vials of polyvalent vials of ASV as the initial dose.
For severe envenomation, can give almost up to 50
vials
Bee and wasp stings ‫ا لنحلوا لدبابير‬
FIRST AIDS
Same as the previous case
Symptoms
● pain, redness, swelling and itching
● Serious Allergic reactions
Treatment
● Remove the needle of the bee
● Skin treatments and oral medications to reduce
pain and swelling ( NSAIDS )
● An injection of epinephrine to treat allergic
reactions (adrenaline)
Human Bites
● Human teeth are generally sharp, so most bites
cause only superficial bruising and tearing (skin
lacerations)
● Transmission of diseases like HIV and virus C
Treatment
● Clean the wound ,The human bite site is cleaned
with saline solution and washed with soap and
water
● Antibiotics
Stings of spiders‫ا لعناكب‬

● Black widows are considered the most toxic

Treatment
spiders .
● these spiders is 15 times stronger than a
● Clean the wound and apply ice
snake bite.
● For black widow bites, often drugs to relieve pain and
● bites of females are the most dangerous to
muscle spasms and an antivenom
human health.
● benzodiazepines (which are sedating and may help
relax muscles
Symptoms ● For brown recluse bites, wound care and sometimes
● Cramping pain and muscle stiffness surgical repair
● nausea, vomiting, sweating, restlessness, ● Sores should be cleaned daily with a povidone-iodine
anxiety solution and soaked in saline three times a day.
● itchy rash, severe breathing problems
● increased salivation
 stings of scorpion‫ا لعقارب‬

First Aid Treatment

● Like the previous case ● Cold compresses

● Scorpion serum (1-2 ampoules) is administered
Symptoms intramuscularly or subcutaneously
● Swelling at the sting site ● Beta blockers + sympathetic alpha blockers
● abnormal movements of the head, eyes and neck
● increased salivation
● sweating
● severe involuntary muscle twitching ‫خرافة الكلووووووووور‬
● Severe nervous shock may occur with a drop in
blood circulation then hypertension
Stings of jellyfish ‫ق نديلا لبحر‬
First Aid
● wash the poison, remove the tentacles from the skin
● Soaking the sting site in hot water can relieve pain
● The first step in treating a jellyfish in the oceans of
North America is to wash with seawater to remove
the venom from the skin.
Symptoms
● Stomach pain , nausea and vomiting
● Allergic reaction in the site of sting
● Headache
● Muscle pain or spasm
● Fainting, dizziness, or confusion
● Breathing difficulty
Treatment
● Vinegar 5% should be used not less than 15
mins
● immersion in hot water of 43 to 45 C (110 to
113 F) Provided that it makes you feel hot and
not burning
● Applying 0.5% to 1% hydrocortisone cream or
ointment to the affected skin twice daily.
● Vinegar should not be used to wash injuries
caused by the sting of the Portuguese man-of-
war jellyfish, as it can cause more venom to be
released from the unfired nematocysts.
 ‫الجروح‬

‫انواع الجروح‬

‫الجرح‬ ‫الجرح المغلق‬

‫المفتوح‬
‫السحجات‬
‫مايه باردة وال دافية ؟‬
‫الجروح القطعية‬
‫الجروح النزعية‬ ‫هنعمل ايه بالجزء المقطوع؟‬
‫الجروح الوخزية‬ ‫نسيب السكينة وال نشيلها؟‬
Burns ( Thermal , Chemical , Electricity, burns)

1st degree : superficial burns affect only the outer layer of skin, the epidermis. The burn site is red, painful,
dry, and has no blisters.

2nd degree : partial thickness involve the epidermis and part of the lower layer of skin, the dermis. The
burn site looks red, blistered, and may be swollen and painful

3rd degree : full thickness burns destroy the epidermis and dermis. They may go into the innermost layer
of skin, the subcutaneous tissue. The burn site may look white or blackened and charred and may be
painless

4th degree : go through both layers of the skin and underlying tissue as well as deeper tissue, possibly
involving muscle and bone. There is no feeling in the area since the nerve endings are destroyed.
 First Aid for burns

1st degree :
Do's (√):
● cool water for 10 or 15 minutes
● Remove any accessories (such as: rings, watches
● Cover the burn using a sterile bandage
● Take painkillers to relieve the pain if necessary

Don'ts (X):
- Don’t try touching the blister bubbles resulting from the burn.
- Don’t apply any ointments or use butter or toothpaste or any other
burn remedies.
- Do not put ice directly on the burned area
First Aid for burns

2nd degree
Pharmacist Role
Do's (√)
● Cool water for 10 or 15 minutes
Moderate :
● Remove jewelry, belts especially from around burned areas like the neck.
● Painkiller
● Take painkillers to relieve the pain if necessary.
● 3 days topical antibiotic
● Cover the burn using sterile bandage
● Anti scar gel
● Cover opened blisters with a dry, sterile bandage.
Don'ts (X)
Sever :
- Don’t remove burned clothing stuck to the skin.
Same as moderate case plus
- Don’t cover the burn with adhesive bandage
7 days course of oral antibiotic
- Do not put ice directly on the burned area.
Hyaluronic and collagen cr
- Avoid touching the blister bubbles resulting from the burn.
- Don’t place thin cotton on the burned area as it could irritate the skin
First Aid for burns
3rd degree
Do's (√)
● Contact the Red Crescent immediately and take the
following measures until they arrive
● Check the patient’s vital signs like breathing.
● Protect the burned person from further harm by
keeping them away from sources of heat.
● Elevate the burned area above the patient’s heart
level, if possible.
● Cover the burn using a damp sterile bandage or a
cool clean cloth.
Don'ts (X)
● Don’t remove burned clothing stuck to the
skin.
● Don't place larger burned areas of the body in
cold water as this may
● cause shock (sudden drop in body
temperature)
● Don’t cover the burn with adhesive bandage.
● Don’t apply any ointments or use butter or
toothpaste
● Don’t place thin cotton on the burned area as
it could irritate the skin.