Introductory

to First Aid
Learn the basics of First Aid and
the correct medical treatment for minor injuries
Adapted by: Tobi Omiyinka RN.
Introductory to First Aid

What is Basic First Aid?

•The initial process of assessing and

addressing the needs of someone who is
experiencing medical emergencies.

•Allows a “non-medical expert” to quickly

determine a person’s physical condition and
the correct course of treatment.

•Can make a difference to a person’s recovery

and could save their life.
Introductory to First Aid

The Aim of First Aid?

Learn these 3 ‘P’s:

Preserve life
Prevent further injury
Promote recovery
Nose bleed
The Do’s & Don’ts for First Aid Treatments

Diagnosis

Nosebleed • Do not lean back. • Sit in a comfortable upright

position and lean forward
• Leaning back can be harmful as slightly.
the blood could get into the
windpipe, blocking the airway. • Then pinch the nose just below
the bony bridge and above the
fleshy lobes of the nostrils until
the bleeding is stemmed.

• Roll a gauze to clean the

nostrils
Aftercare: Once the bleeding is
controlled, do not blow the
nose as this might dislodge the
clot and causes bleeding again.
 Wound terminology

• Laceration: Tearing of the skin & tissue

• Contusion: A bruise
• Abrasion: Graze - loss of superficial layer of
skin
• Incision: A straight clean wound
• Puncture: Caused by a sharp object
• Object may still be in the wound (foreign /
TYPES OF WOUND
 First aid for minor
wounds
1. Wear gloves if available
2. Clean the wound thoroughly with antiseptic wipes or saline
3. Do not remove any embedded objects (e.g: glass) – seek
medical advice
4. Cover the wound using a clean dressing (plaster)
5. Seek medical advice if there are any signs of infection –
redness, swelling or the area is warm to the touch
 Shock (1)
• Shock is a medical emergency which can be caused by
severe blood loss

• The casualty does not receive enough oxygen due to the loss
of blood

• Signs & symptoms include:

o Pale clammy skin
o Drowsiness
o Thirst
o Confusion
o Nausea & vomiting
 Shock (2)
• If you suspect a casualty is suffering from
shock then you should:
• Lie them down and raise their legs
o This improves the blood flow to the vital
organs
• Cover them with a blanket
• Call for emergency help if you haven’t already
done so.
 CONSCIOUS CHOKING
CANNOT COUGH, SPEAK OR BREATHE (Perform Heimlich
Maneuver)
Heart Attack
Heart attack is one of the
leading causes of death in
many parts of the world.

Heart disease is the leading

cause of death in the United
States
(Source : CDC
The Do’s & Don’ts for First Aid Treatments

Diagnosis

Heart Attack • Even if you are not sure about • Sit the person down and try to
the symptoms, if you suspect keep them
conscious.
calm and
a heart attack at all, do not • If the person is conscious,
wait. give them a 300mg tablet of
aspirin to chew.
• Call an ambulance
Alert! The main risk is that the
immediately. heart will stop beating. Be
prepared to resuscitate if
• begin CPR if trained necessary.
Early warning signs:
• Pressure in centre of chest
• Pain in shoulders, neck or
arms
• Chest discomfort with
fainting, sweating or nausea
 CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION

• Should be trained to perform this procedure

• If done improperly, could harm victim

• Courses available everywhere

• New in Late 2006

• 30 Compressions to 2 Breaths

• 100 compressions per minute

Burns
 BURNS

Do you how many degree of burns are there?

 BURNS

Guess what degree of burn has the person suffered?

The Do’s & Don’ts for First Aid Treatments

Diagnosis
Burns • Never put ice on the burn, as 1st Degree burn
it’ll delay healing or cause extra
damage (think frostbite). • . Put the burned part in cold
• Also, leave the butter in the water.
kitchen, unless you want to
make it worse. 2nd Degree Burn
• Do not break blisters and
attempt to remove the skin, as it ● Put the burned part in cold
can cause infection water.
●Put cold, wet dressing on burn.
Cover the burn with a loose
bandage (or clean washed
cotton sheet for a larger area)
and go to the doctor.

3rd Degree Burn

●Leave burned clothes on the
skin
●If face is burned, keep victim
sitting up
●Keep airway open, tilt head
back
●Evaluate burned arms, legs,
hands. Keep burn higher than
heart.
●Call for an ambulance
 The Do’s & Don’ts for First Aid Treatments

Diagnosis
Burns Chemical Burn
• Immediately help a victim who
suffered from electrical burn ● Remove the chemical causing burn
without looking out if the victim by washing the skin under cool
still be in contact with it. running water for at least 20
minutes.
● Remove all clothing or jewellery
that may be contaminated by the
chemical.
●After washing, apply a cool, wet
cloth on the burn to relieve pain
● Over this, loosely wrap a dry
sterile dressing or clean cloth.
Electrical Burn
●Call for an ambulance immediately
●Look out if there is any contact
with the electrical source
●Turn off the electrical source or try
to move it by using a non –
conducting object
●Prevent shock by lying the child
down and raising the legs with an
object, eg: Pillow
 THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING.
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