In order to dive the

appearance of stability,
such letters as B,E,K,S,X
and Z and the figures 3
and 8 must be drawn
smaller at the top than at
the bottom.
General Proportion of Letters
Normal Letters – These are used if
the space where the letters are to be
printed or lettered is ample.
Condensed Letters – The space
between each letter is narrow.
Extended Letters – The space
between each letter is very wide.
Forming letters and numbers
Letters and numbers vary with
width.
The stroke in making letters
and numbers must follow
certain direction.
Number “1” and letter “I” –
narrow
Letter T,O,M,Q,V,A,X,Y – wide
Letter “W” – widest
The other letter and number –
slightly narrow
Spacing
The customary practice is to judge
the spacing by looking at it.
Less distance required between
certain letters
The distance between the words
should be equal to the height of the
letters.
Definition of Terms
Single Stroke – the width of the
stroke of pencil or pen is the width
of the stem of the letter.
Order of Stroke – shows the
numbered procedure where to start
drawing the letter until its
complete.
Rule of Stability – some letters
or figures are drawn smaller at
the top and wider at the bottom,
in order to give the appearance
of stability.
Upper Case – the term applied
to capital letter in drafting.
Proportion – Law of Relation.
Stem- the legs or bottom
part of the letter.
Kern – the overhanging part
of a type, as in letter Q.
Lobe- a round part of the
letter,
Lower – case – The
terminology applied for small
letters in Drafting Technology.
Upper- case - The terminology
applied for capital letters in
Drafting Technology.
Guide Lines
Light lines drawn
before the actual
lettering, in order to
maintain the uniform
height of letters.
Cap Line
Used to limit the height
of upper case letters and
some lower case letters
having upward strokes or
ascender.
Waist Line
Used to limit
height of the upper
of the upper portion
of lower-case letters.
Base Line
Where the
bottom part of the
body of the letter
rest stands.
Drop Line
Used particularly for
some lower –case
letters having
downward strokes or
descenders.